YOUNG IRELAND 1

_____________________________________________________________________________________

(CE 12/1/1848) - DESMOND CONFEDERATE CLUB MORAL AND PHYSICAL FORCE - On Monday night the usual weekly meeting of this Club took place, at their rooms, Castle-street. The audience was exceedingly numerous, and the large room in which the lectures of the Club are given was almost entirely filled. At eight o'clock, the chair was taken by the President, DENNY LANE, Esq., Barrister

Mr. ISAAC VARIAN then read a lecture on the duties of the men of Ireland. The lecturer at some length condemned the idea of resorting to physical force under any circumstances, declaring it to be totally opposed to the laws of God. He contended that the freedom of the country was to be worked out entirely by moral force and by the power of passive resistance. The lecturer then proceeded at considerable length to define what he meant to convey by passive resistance. He thought that the people of Ireland ought to act entirely independent of the constitution of England, and shew the British parliament that Ireland was not bound by any laws that she herself did not assist to frame. They ought to refuse to purchase excisable articles of any description; they ought resist by passive refusal the payment of rates and taxes, and refuse to serve on Juries where revenue cases were to be heard, or where any case was to be decided, the adjudication of which did not immediately concern the general welfare. The priesthood of Ireland had been accused of altar denunciations; unjustly he believed, in that instance, but there was a practice which, from the altar, they ought to denounce. They ought to denounce any man who became a soldier in the service of the English government--a hired shedder of blood, before whom the profession of the very hangman was honourable. --

It was a matter of shame to them that nearly half the English army was formed of Irishmen, and every man in Ireland ought immediately to enter into a form resolution never to take up arms for the English government. They ought cease returning members to Parliament--draw up a strong unanimous protest, from the whole country, like the protest of Dungannon, against the British Parliament having power to make laws for Ireland. They should make every investigation as to the manner in which their late Parliament was conducted, and as to the districts which returned members to it, and they should then assemble their own Parliament at once, and proceed to make laws for Ireland. He was not enthusiastic enough to suppose they would have unanimity sufficient for the latter undertaking, but he merely spoke of it as a means to secure their freedom by passive resistance. They should shew a firm determination to England not to be bound by her laws, and give up entirely the use of such words as "legal and constitutional." The lecturer having concluded,

Mr. M. J. BARRY rose amidst loud cheers--He proceeded at considerable length to combat the opinions put forward in the lecture just delivered. He did not believe it necessary that they should altogether give up the power of the franchise in the sending of members to the British Parliament. He would not have the people make any exertions to get an extension of the franchise, but where by the exercise of it they could keep out a bad man, and return a good one he thought they were bound to make use of it. He agreed with Mr. VARIAN as to the impossibility of securing their freedom under a hostile Parliament, or by the returning of members to it; he believed that their parliamentary representation would have as little to do with the gaining of their independence as the colonies of America--he even believed it possible that the colonies of America might have a great deal more to do with it (loud cries of "hear hear", and loud cheers). But he thought that if they had twenty or thirty determined representatives in Parliament, although they could not gain their independence, yet by opposing the transaction of business, and giving the government every possible opposition in their power, they would at last force the government to do some set of despotism to stop them, and then the quarrel would assume a just, open and manly ground (loud cheers). Mr. BARRY spoke at some length on the question of physical force. He was as much opposed to bloodshedding as any other man, but when it became actually necessary, he thought bloodshedding just as desirable a matter as anything else. To cure a patient, it was often necessary that blood should be taken from him, and to gain such a great end as the freedom of a country was often impossible without the effusion of blood. People were horrified at the atrocities of the French revolution, yet the blood that was shed there, and which he believed to be a necessary consequence of that revolution, did not amount to so much as the waste of human life which took place in Ireland during the past year. He contended that every country had a perfect right to gain its freedom by the effusion of blood, if it were necessary, and he thought that it was most important for the society to decide whether they believed that Ireland had a right to do so. After some remarks as to the impossibility of gaining the liberty of the country by such means as these laid down by Mr. VARIAN, Mr. BARRY concluded amid loud cheers.

Mr. BRYAN HENNESSY spoke at some length in support of the lecture. He said they were the only body really banded together for the liberty of Ireland, and he cautioned that meeting to be very careful how they permitted the society to embrbl [sic] itself with a government to which from its very outset they had been hostile.

Mr. J. BRENAN then addressed the meeting amid loud cheers. He contended that the hope of gaining anything by Parliamentary agitation was preposterous. He believed O Connell to have been at one time sincere in striving for Repeal by the power of moral force, and yet he had not succeeded, and what he failed in would any man in the country undertake to accomplish (cries of no and cheers)? He believed that the only hope for the country was in arms--he believed like Mr. MITCHEL (cheers) that they should not have an immediate insurrection, but he contended that the people of Ireland should be prepared against the hour when the necessity of for arms should arise (cheers). England was at present in a state of bankruptcy--she was threatened with danger from within, and still greater danger from without (cheers). Mr. BRENAN proceeded to show how fears were felt in England of an invasion from France, and how far those fears were well-founded. In his school at Paris M. MICHELET was disseminating his doctrine, that there was no Past for those who had been beaten at Waterloo, and his doctrine was now becoming general. He could show that all the French papers were silent as to the subject of the National defences of England, which was engrossing the public attention of these countries. While every other article of English news was quoted by them they were silent upon that alone--their reason his audience could easily conclude. Mr. BRENAN was proceeding with his address when

The Chairman said he felt bound to call him to order ("hear hear and no") That society was established to seek for the liberty of the country by the force of opinion, and Mr. BRENAN was therefore completely out of order. He would have stopped him before but he preferred waiting until the Secretary had brought him one of their cards, in order that he might be certain on the point.

Mr. BRENAN would of course bow to the decision of the President, but he thought if he were out of order, Mr. VARIAN was much more so, for his lecture contained matter that was not only unconstitutional, but completely treasonable, as he had in that lecture advised them to put the constitution of England completely underfoot (loud cheers).

The Chairman--I may have been wrong in not having called Mr. VARIAN to order, but that is certainly no reason why Mr. BRENAN should be allowed to be so completely out of order now. Of course if the society decide that I have no right to do so, I am ready to vacate the Chair (no, no).

Mr. BRENAN declared himself perfectly willing to bow to the authority of the President, and retired amidst loud cheers. - After a few remarks from the President, in reference to the subject immediately concerned in the lecture, the meeting adjourned.

(CE 26/1/1848) - THE DESMOND CONFEDERATE CLUB - The Confederate Club of this city met, as usual, on Monday evening. The Secretary of the Committee for education announced the formation of classes for the study of Irish History, the Irish language, and drawing.

The President, Mr. LANE, stated that, owing to very peculiar engagements, from which he could not escape, Mr. M. J. BARRY was prevented from continuing, on that evening, his series of lectures upon political economy. In his absence, the president proceeded to address the meeting upon the measures which had been taken for promoting instruction. He deplored the ignorance that existed among the subjects these were intended to embrace, and of which he pleaded guilty himself. Of late, however, a great degree of attention was devoted to the revived cultivation of Irish literature, to which the first impulse had been by THOMAS DAVIS, one who, if he still lived, would have saved them from many errors, and among whose labours he did not reckon it the least that he had united in one cause men otherwise separated. The neglect of such studies he said, was chiefly to be traced to the English government, which had always evinced an anxiety to destroy the memorials of our nationality. As an illustration of this design on their part, he alluded to the history of Wales, when that country had the same relation to England, that Ireland was placed in. At this period it was the aim of the English government to extinguish the native music of Wales, its language and traditionary poems, which handed down to the Welch the achievements of their ancestors.

In Ireland the same spirit led them to adopt the same means, in order to tread out the distinctive nationality of the people. In their jealousy and fear, nothing was thought beneath this Vandal rage, that was connected with the old memories of the Irish race. CAREW in this very county collected and destroyed all the manuscripts he could find, feeling that in these the peasantry had an estate not less dear than their possessions were to the wealthy. On one occasion, the lecturer observed, when it was proposed on the part of the Danish government to exchange duplicates of manuscripts relating to these countries, which were in the library of Copenhagen, for others connected with the history of the Danish invasion which were found in the British museum, the offer was refused, after it was ascertained that the duplicates were the productions of Irish writers, and taken up with Ireland alone.

The President then adverted to the subject of drawing. This art was not only a highly refining and elegant recreation. It was also one, from which commercial advantage was derived, as it was certain that several important manufactures owed their origin or improvement to skill in the arts of design. The amount of genius which Cork has produced in this and the other arts, was, indeed, already astonishing, when compared with its population. Sometime ago an eminent foreign connoisseur, who came to England, said there were but two English artists that were perfect masters of drawing. Of those he named it happened that one was a native of Dublin, and the other their townsman, MACLISE. To these must be added the name of FORDE, of whom MACLISE himself said that he was the greatest draughtsman since Michael Angelo. In these countries it was to be observed that there was no recognised school for the study of art, such as those which the names of Raphael and Angelo had celebrated, in Italy, and those over which Delaroche and Vernet presided, in France. The pursuit of art, in the countries of the continent, had attained the character of regular industry. Yet it was not sufficient for a pupil to possess taste and imagination, to aspire to perfection. He mentioned as a proof of this observation the case of a person, who was reputed to have attained the highest range of excellence in drawing, and who went to the school of Delaroche, but was not suffered by the master to attempt anything but outline for a period of three years. Many an artist, who had spent his youth in study, acquired at last only the knowledge to find that he had missed the true path of act [sic, art?]. It was necessary, by slow and careful instruction, to educate the taste in the forms of material beauty. The President then gave a short review of the history of art, showing his taste and enthusiasm upon the subject. He referred to the advantage to be derived from the study of the antique, and quoted an expression used by MACLISE, who said, in his address before the Royal Academy, "What are we after all? What would we be without the pure well of ancient art, into which we have been but as children dipping our scallop shells?"

The speaker then alluded to the facility, so much desired by the artists, that was presented to the natives of this city, for the study of the antique, in the finest collection of casts in the world, and which had been taken under the direction of the great Canova himself. In these the most glorious masterpieces of antiquity were thrown open to their imitation, and the fault was their own if they did not profit by the privilege.

The above is a mere outline of an address, which though apparently suggested by the proceedings of the meeting, were rendered extremely interesting. After the Secretary had read some passages from Mr. GODKIN's repeal prize essay, the meeting adjourned.

(CE 9/2/1848) - THE DESMOND CONFEDERATE CLUB - IRISH MANUFACTURES - The usual weekly meeting of this club was held on Monday night. The Chair was taken by DENNY LANE, Esq. The attendance was very thin, the meeting not numbering at any period of the evening more than 50 or 60. A letter of apology was read from Mr. W. JONES, whose report on the subject of Irish manufactures had been announced for that occasion, stating that in consequence of the unexpected demise of a near relative his attendance that night was rendered impossible. Mr. F. POWER then proposed and Mr. DWYER seconded a resolution expressing the determination of the Club to devote themselves to the advancement of Irish manufactures, and it was agreed that the members of the Club should take the earliest opportunity of having a meeting of the citizens of Cork convened, to forward this most important object. Mr. ISAAC VARIAN, Secretary to the Club, read for the meeting a resolution which he had drawn up, embodying a pledge to be signed by the citizens of Cork in general, as well as the members of that Club, binding themselves never to purchase or wear any article of foreign manufacture when one of Irish manufacture could be had for the same price, and of equal value. The adoption of the pledge was seconded and carried by acclamation. After a few remarks from the chairman on the question of the night, the meeting then adjourned.

(CC 29/2/1848) – TOM FOOLERY – Yesterday, the members of the ‘Desmond Confederation,’ Young Ireland Club, Castle-street, had an immense piece of tri-colour bunting floating in the breeze from their building, with the view of fraternising with their mercurial brethren in France, now luxuriating in the excesses of revolution and anarchy. - In the evening the windows were illuminated, and a large placard conspicuously placed, bore the words – ‘France is Free, an example to the WORLD.’

(CE 5/5/1848) REPEAL CLUB IN MACROOM- There was a meeting held in the People's Hall of this town on last Sunday evening for the purpose of forming a Club. It was attended by a large number of the patriotic tradesmen and a few other gentlemen wishing to take part in the good cause. At 8 o'clock precisely, Mr. DAN M'NAMARA junior was called, amid general cheering, to the chair. A select committee of twelve were appointed; and appropriate resolutions for forming the club were proposed and passed unanimously. A subscription list was then opened, to defray the expenses. - It is to be distinctly understood that this is not solely a Confederate Club; on that account, it is called "The Macroom National Club." It recognizes both sections of Repealers, and will endeavour, in its own sphere, to bring about a union, being fully assured that Conciliation Hall and Confederation Hall, have both one interest at heart, and that they have registered vows in Heaven, never to desist from what they have undertaken until the odius act of union be repealed. - After some minor matters were gone through, Mr. M'NAMARA was moved from the chair, and Mr. RIORDAN moved thereto. A vote of thanks was then accorded to the former chairman for his dignified conduct in the chair, and upon all occasions when the cause of country is concerned. - On reading last night, in your paper, of the manner in which our prosecuted patriots were treated in once glorious Limerick, the committee of the Club met and censured, in the strongest language, those who had broken into a peaceable meeting in order to commit violence on honest but determined men. The meeting separated, cheering for Repeal, JOHN O CONNELL, and the prosecuted patriots.

(CC 9/5/1848) – TO THE EDITOR OF THE CORK CONSTITUTION – DEAR SIR – Will you permit me, through the medium of your columns, to deny a statement which I have been informed was publicly made a day or two ago, in a shop, not a thousand miles from Patrick-street, by parties with whom I am totally unacquainted, to the effect, that I, with some other gentlemen (members, I believe of the Citizen’s Club) addressed a number of people in the streets at a late hour on Sunday night, 30^th nit. Such an assertion is totally untrue. At the hour alluded to, I was in bed, as may be well supposed, when I state, that after the termination of the proceedings in Limerick, on the 29^th ult., I remained up all night, writing out my report, and travelled next day (Sunday) to this city, from thence by the Mail. Allow me also to say, that I am not a member of the Citizen’s Club, nor of any other Club in Cork. I should not have noticed this report, or troubled you respecting it, but that rumour flies fast, and it is not long since I incurred serious pecuniary loss from having permitted a similar lie to remain uncontradicted. - I beg to remain, dear Sir, yours most truly, H. G. CASEY, Cork, May 8, 1848

_____________________________________________________________________________________

(CC 9/5/1848) – FAMILY PIKES – At the Police Office on Saturday (Messrs. JOHN BAGNELL, and ANDREW F. ROCHE, on the Bench) a young lad of the name of John M’Auliffe, came before the Bench and said that he had a complaint to make against one of the police for coming to his mother’s house and abstracting a pike-head.

Head-constable Condon – That’s what you all say. Now, sir, I must tell you, that heretofore I looked upon your mother as a respectable, well-disposed citizen, and I am very sorry to find that she has become a distributor of pikes to poor country people.

Complainant – You have no right to make so horrible a charge, and I fling it back in your teeth.

Mr. Bagnell – Silence! This Court must not be a place for bandying words in this way – I will have the Court kept orderly.

Complainant – I will not allow such a charge. The fact is, my family expressed great curiosity to see a pike – I got the pike to show them, and this constable came in armed with all the brief authority they assume now –

Mr. Bagnell – I must tell you that the authority they have now is the same as they ever had.

Mr. Bagnell – Come, Sir, restrain yourself – make no flourishes here, and adhere to the matter you have come about.

Mr. Bagnell – No, Sir, you are not – you are departing from it. Constable, why do you detain this weapon?

Constable Cudmore – I have been ordered by Captain White not to return it. It is a horrible weapon.

Complainant – You might as well come and deprive me of my breast-pin, which is also a pike-head, and tell me that Captain White desired you to keep it.

Mr. Bagnell – We have nothing to do with the case, as it is in the hands of another magistrate.

Mr. Bagnell – Allow me to speak, if you please, young gentleman. I tell you ‘tis in the hands of another magistrate, and that I for one will not interfere.

Head-constable Condon – The Constable was told when he got the pike that was left in the shop by a country carman.

Complainant – He was not. He asked a great many questions – he asked me had I a handle for it, and I said not. This policeman seems to be a rival of the celebrated 184 B, for he certainly got the pike very smoothly out of my possession.

Complainant – I certainly will apply to Captain White, for neither policeman nor magistrate has law or authority to detain my property, though it be a pike.

Head-constable Condon – And if you do, I think Capt. White will teach a lesson to such young gentlemen as you appear to be.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

(CE 12/5/1848) CITIZENS CLUB - The weekly meeting of this Club was held in the Club Room at 9 o'clock on Monday evening. Mr. RALPH VARIAN in the chair. - The Chairman, in addressing the meeting, said that it was a meeting more for the purpose of business that speech-making, held principally for the enrolment of members. Though his sentiments were well known, and that he differed from most of them, and deprecated violence, still as every man was the guardian of his own liberty, he thought he should be prepared with arms to defend it. The Chairman then expressed a desire that the classes for imparting information which had been broken up previous to the re-formation of the Club, would be re-established.

Mr. JONES, the Secretary, then proposed the names of several persons for admission into the Club, who were unanimously elected. Mr. BERNARD SHEEHAN proposed for admission Mr. WALTER WHITE, a sound Protestant, whose name was received with applause. Mr. B. HENNESSY proposed the following resolution: Resolved--That prompt and efficient means be taken for the collection of a defence fund to sustain Messrs. O BRIEN, MEAGHER and MITCHEL, and that the following gentlemen act as Ward Collectors:

Lee Ward--JOHN CARROLL, T.C., BERNARD SHEEHAN, JERH. BUCKLEY, JOHN DALY, WM. HEGARTY, WM. RIORDAN, Sec.

Patrick's Ward--MICHAEL LYONS, JERH. O SULLIVAN, THOS. BARRETT, PATRICK MURPHY, EDWARD BRADY, T.C., EDW. MURPHY, FRANK STAUNTON, Sec.

Mansion House Ward--DANIEL HORGAN, HENRY TREACY, W. CARROLL, B. HENNESSY, J. KENNEDY, JOHN O BRIEN, Sec.

Custom House Ward--FELIX MULLAN, PETER PENNINGTON, RALPH VARIAN, EUGENE M'CARTHY, MICHAEL MURPHY, WM. JONES, DANIEL SHEEHAN, Sec.

Corn Market Ward--WM. ELLIS, EDWARD UNIAKE, JOHN FLYNN, DENIS M'SWINEY, Sec.

St. Fin Barr's Ward--JAMES O CONNOR, RICHD. MEADE, JOHN SHEA, DOMINICK O CONNOR, Sec.

Exchange Ward--FRANCIS POWER, JOHN O SULLIVAN, HUGH D. SMITH, BARTH. DALY, ROBT. LAMBKIN, JAS. DWYER, Sec.

Mr. J.W. BURKE begged leave to propose the following resolution: -- Resolved--That we have witnessed with no ordinary delight and satisfaction the many decided declarations in favour of National Independence that are emanating from the influential and intelligent portion of the Irish Protestants, and on our parts we wish to reiterate our unequivocal abhorrence of religious ascendancy, and our determination to resist, by every means, any attempt that may be made to interfere with the religious freedom of any portion of our fellow countrymen. Mr. B. HENNESSY, in a speech of some length and force, seconded the resolution. He impressed on those present the necessity of every man thinking for himself, and not being blindly led by others. Mr. MURPHY proposed the next resolution, which was seconded by Mr. DWYER, and agreed to: -- Resolved--That the Lord Lieutenant having issued a proclamation against the enrolment of a National Guard and the formation of a National Convention, we assert that proclamation is not binding in any way, and that we will as soon as possible form a National Guard and Convention. Thanks having been passed to the Chairman, the meeting separated.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

(CC 23/5/1848) – RIFLE SHOOTING – The inhabitants of Hanover-street were kept in continual terror on Saturday evening, by a number of Young Irelanders and other would-be hereos, who amused themselves firing balls at the store of the late glass-house. It appears that the Young Ireland party have taken this store for rifle practice; but owing to the recent decisions and the danger of being indicted for drilling, the meetings at the store of late were few and far between. Saturday evening, however, a new ‘dodge’ was hit on. The store was let to some person in this city who keeps a shooting-gallery, and the public were then invited to attend, paying a trifle for every ball discharged. A very large concourse of young men attended, while the store continued open, which was to a late hour. Some of the neighbours contiguous to the store have expressed a determination to put down such a dangerous and annoying nuisance, which can quickly be effected by the cheap and simple process of indictment.

CE 24/5/1848) SKIBBEREEN, FRIDAY [FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT] - As early as nine o'clock this morning, the inhabitants of this town might be seen hurrying in the direction of the post office, in order to learn the fate of their revered fellow countrymen, WILLIAM SMITH O BRIEN and T.F. MEAGHER. I need scarcely say with what manifestations of delight and satisfaction the glad tidings were received. They proceeded to the Confederate Room, where the most active preparations were commenced during the day, the members devoting their time to the decoration of the room. In front, was placed a board splendidly painted, bearing the words "Confederate Club", from one of the windows was suspended a richly ornamented Tricolour Flag with the inscription "Liberty, Fraternity, Equality." At eight o'clock, the hour appointed for the procession, the large masses began to arrive and take the places assigned to them; a transparency was borne with the words "The people have triumphed, O BRIEN and MEAGHER are free." A dozen blazing tar barrels moved off carried by men whose honest hearts burned as intensely for the freedom of their country. The band led the procession, playing, with their well known ability, the most spirit stirring national tunes; all seemed actuated by one motive; Protestant and Catholic seemed to vie with each other in doing honour to the immortal patriots who were ready to victimise themselves for their country's redemption. The multitude proceeded in that order for which the men of Skibbereen are so remarkable, on arriving at the hotel of Mr. DALY, they were eloquently addressed by T. M'C. DOWNING, P. OCONNELL and D. WELPLY, Esqs. I need scarcely say with what enthusiasm these gentlemen were received. Everything passed off quietly.

(CE 24/5/1848) YOUGHAL, THURSDAY [FROM A CORRESPONDENT] - Private letters conveying the cheering intelligence of the acquittal of SMITH O BRIEN and MEAGHER, were received at an early hour in town, on yesterday, a report of which spread with electric like effect through the country, for many miles round. The receipt of the EXAMINER having banished all doubt on the matter, the people gave way to their enthusiasm in loud and incessant cheering. A more than ordinary interest was felt here in the result of the trials, in as much as the address of Mr. O BRIEN, which emanated from the Confederate Club, had elicited the remarks which formed a prominent feature in the indictment against the honourable gentleman. The joy and nnthusiasm [sic] evoked in consequence, baffles description. The two Club Houses were brilliantly lighted up; on the walls of both various mottoes and inscriptions, in large characters, were hung up, one of which was, "The base, brutal, and bloody Whigs have been defeated". Mr. JEREMIAH O LOMASNY, the veteran patriot of the town, addressed his brother Repealers at the Confederate Club Room. After having congratulated them, he proceeded to say that there was something very significant, in the triumphant victories obtained in late days, over English governments; indeed to himself it seemed but the foreshadowing of the decline of English legislation, and intrigue in this country. Mr. O LOMASNY, after having referred at great length to the necessity of Union among Repealers, concluded by observing that all shades of politics would at no very distant day, be fused down to our grand national sentiment, which he would designate the "bona fide holy alliance". Mr. O LOMASNY was loudly cheered throughout his eloquent address. Singing, music and speeching was kept up to a late hour, and everything passed off in the most orderly manner. Various cheers were given for O BRIEN, MEAGHER, J. O CONNELL, MITCHEL and Mr. BUTT. - It is in contemplation to honour the illustrious traversers, at a Soiree, to be held as soon as circumstances may permit, that is, when the result of Mr. MITCHEL's trial will have been ascertained, to which the leaders of the different repeal movements are indiscriminately invited.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

(CE 24/5/1848) CITIZENS CLUB- At a meeting of this Club, on Monday evening, the following report was read by Mr. JOHN D. BOURKE, and adopted: - REPORT ON THE ORGANIZATION OF DISTRICT CLUBS - It in unnecessary to dwell at any length on the advantages of organization at the present moment. Union and Organization are the manifest duties of the hour. The fraternization of all true and earnest nationalists in our City, happily dictated by the triumphant success of popular movements on the Continent has been rendered complete and lasting by the despotic and abortive attempts of Government to crush the rising liberties of the people in the persons of our leaders. To promote and foster that Union our former organization was dissolved, and our present Club established in its stead. And all those whom shadowy differences before separated from us, were invited to join its ranks, and work together for the common end; -- we can refer with delight and gratification, to the generous spirit in which that invitation was responded to. Large accessions of members immediately followed, and the opponents of former days are now seen on our Committee, vieing with one another in their zealous exertions for the advancement of the cause. We now consider it necessary for the more complete and effective organization of the city, to recommend the immediate establishment of District Clubs, and we think it right to allude to the spirit of fraternity, happily at present characterising our labours, because we are convinced that the same cordial and unanimous spirit will be shewn in carrying our suggestions for the formation of those Clubs, promptly and vigorously into effect. Our large room of meeting will be at the disposal of the inhabitants of each district, if they will require to call a preliminary meeting to form a Club, and our Committee rooms also, until they have provided suitable premises for their Club.

We recommend the establishment of two Clubs, for either section of the South Parish, and two Clubs for either section of the North Parish, and one in Glanmire Ward. We have named four of the members of out Committee to assist at the formation of each Club, and they are ready at once to put themselves in communication with the inhabitants of the respective districts. We subjoin rules for the government of each Club--conceiving that delay should be now especially avoided, and as it is often occasioned by the discussion of unimportant details, we have made the rules as low and simple as possible. The Committee of each Club should, on its formation, at once proceed to the complete organization of their immediate district, and with this view, each new member, as suggested in Dublin, should be required to procure an additional member within a certain time. We would also suggest that names, with appropriate historic associations attached to them should be given to the Clubs.

Reports of progress should be brought up on every Wednesday evening to the Committee of the Citizen Club, which will be read at the public meeting on following Monday. The members of the District Clubs will be admitted to public meetings at Citizen Club by card.

We would strongly recommend that Clubs should be established in all the adjacent Towns and districts where a sufficient number of Repealers reside, and that in the formation of them, as in Cork all former distinctions amongst Repealers should be totally forgotten. The Committee of this Club will be happy to receive, through their Secretary, and attend to communications from any neighbouring district and Town in the country, and if necessary to send deputations to assist at formations of Clubs.

SOUTH PARISH - JAMES DWYER, JOHN O BRIEN, ML. MURPHY, J. W. ROURKE, JAMES O CONNOR

1-- That a Club shall be established to be called the ______ Club, of which all persons may become members who are resolved to devote their best efforts to the achievement of National Independence by every practicable means.

2 -- That in order to ensure perfect harmony amongst the members, the discussion of any Sectarian or party topic, shall be strictly prohibited in the Club.

3 -- That the Club shall be governed by a Committee of 12, a President, and Vice-President to be elected for 6 months, and who shall be empowered to frame any Bye-Laws that may be necessary.

4 -- That the Club shall be open from 11 o'clock in the morning till 10 at night.

5 -- That when the members shall think it expedient to bring any subject under discussion the President, Vice-President, or one of the Committee shall be voted to the chair, and that at all other times silence shall be observed in the Club.

6 -- That smoking or any other objectionable practice be prohibited in the Club, and that members will report the transgression of this Rule to the Committee.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

(CE 24/5/1848) BANTRY FRIDAY [FROM A CORRESPONDENT] - Nothing could exceed the enthusiasm that filled the souls of the friends of Irish liberty on Friday, at the happy news of the acquittal of two of the persecuted and prosecuted patriots of Ireland-- Messrs. SMITH O BRIEN and T.F. MEAGHER. - As dusk began to set in, not less than one thousand people assembled in the Main Street from which they proceeded, headed by many influential inhabitants of this town, and marched through the principal streets, bearing on their shoulders six tar barrels blazing, amidst shouts of loud and rapturous cheering for the great victory over the British Government and its officials. On the procession coming to the military barracks they gave three hearty cheers for their brothers in the army, who in an instant were out of their beds to the barrack windows. Every soldier in the barracks seemed to enjoy the fun most heartily. - Since writing the above, two respectable shopkeepers of the town got some car loads of goods from Cork, which were closely examined by the Police for pikes!

(CE 24/5/1848) CLONAKILTY, THURSDAY [FROM A CORRESPONDENT] - When the news of the defeat of the Whig government in their courts of law, reached this town, the joy of the people was unbounded, twenty barrels and a large quantity of turf were made into one fire, in a public part of the town. Shortly after, the members of the United Irish Club attended; a large tri-colour flag of orange, white and green, with the word "Liberty" in large letters on it, was unfurled, and saluted with several rounds of blank cartridge by the members of the Club. A tar barrel lighting was placed on a barrow, and carried on men's shoulders, followed by the band, playing several spirit stirring airs; whenever the band finished the tune, the shouts of the people for O BRIEN, MEAGHER and MITCHEL were deafening; the procession passed through the different streets until it reached the square, where the police came up, took away the tar barrel, and were in the act of throwing it into the river. The people rushed on them, and would have used violence, were it not for the prompt interference of the members of the Club, who used all their influence with the people, and prevented their laying violent hands on those officious men. I never saw the people so determined or so indignant, and I witnessed many public meetings. The people took the broken barrel in staves lighting, and passed quietly. When they reached the Market-place they cheered vociferously for the honest and fearless patriots, Messrs. O BRIEN, MITCHEL and MEAGHER, and as loudly groaned the "Butcher General" and his government officials. The people then dispersed peaceably; the streets were nearly cleared; two small boys were removing the drum; they were met by three would-be gentlemen, one of those gave the drum a kick, and broke it. Some persons soon learned this fact; those men were at once rushed on, and were it not for the members of the Club, who providentially were present at the time, and protected them, their lives would be in danger. They took shelter in a public house, and were removed home by a guard of soldiers--thus ended this day in Clonakilty. - Magistrates may light tar-barrels here, but the people cannot. When MICHAEL GALWAY passed here, after his appointment as resident magistrate, his friends lighted tar-barrels for him, and the police were by, and did not notice it. RICHARD BEAMISH, when he gained a lawsuit against his brother-magistrates, his friends lighted tar-barrels and carried them through the streets; though the police saw them they did not interfere. This is called justice here.

(CE 26/5/1848) CITIZENS CLUB - A meeting of the above body took place last evening for the purpose of establishing District Clubs upon the plan of those formed in Dublin. One was organised, called "the Mercantile Assistants' Club", and received in the course of a few hours the adhesion of no less that 150 young men of that class, who also without exception signed the roll of the proposed National Guard. It is intended not to confine the organization to the City, but to extend it to Cove, Midleton, and other towns in the County.

(CE 26/5/1848) CORRESPONDENTS - A Bantry Repealer tells us Lord Berehaven has given orders that no Repealer shall enter his demesne. Very good. We suppose there is to be an examination, out side the gate, on every application--the lodge keeper and his wife to be a quorum for the purpose. But, if this funny report be true, and if our Irish affairs only continue going to the devil, as heretofore--let Lord Berehaven take care his gate-keeper don't keep him outside the gate, some day or other, on the terms of his own orders. His Lordship may be a Repealer in six months. God send it. It is the interest and it should be the pride of all Irish noblemen to stand by the cause of Ireland. If they do not, we promise them the cause of Ireland will not stand by them.

(CE 26/5/1848) ARMED OPINION - Hear ye! Hear ye! Now or Never! - Men of Ireland! - The cause of Tenant-Farmers, and of our Country, is to be tried and settled on Wednesday, 24^th May, in the person of - JOHN MITCHEL - March ye! Therefore to Dublin, you whose life or death hangs on his trial. Your enemies are packing a jury to assassinate him. March and see that he gets a fair trial, or if he be foully condemned, avenge him, and save yourselves. - Show this to all your Neighbours, and give it all publicity. - The subjoined placard which has been extensively circulated, was sent to us (Freeman) last night by a "Confederate" that the foul attempt of the Kirwans might, being exposed, be defeated : --- TO THE JURORS OF DUBLIN - GOD'S TRUTH - Has been spoken and written by - JOHN MITCHEL - He has proclaimed to the world the labourer's right to live in the land of his birth by the sweat of his brow; the farmer's right to the fruit of his labour, his capital, and his skill. - THIS IS GOD'S TRUTH! - Will you, jurors, pronounce by your verdict God's truth to be a seditious Libel--a Felony? - If you do (which God forbid), then the blood of that innocent man of truth, JOHN MITCHEL, be on you and yours to all eternity! - The curse of God will fall upon you! The fate of perjurers and assassins await you! - Attend to your Oaths, and a TRUE VERDICT GIVE!! - [signed] One of the Panel

(CE 5/6/1848) FORM YOUR CLUBS .......Form your Clubs, then, in every locality. The method of organising is simple and lawful. The end to be gained, important--the mode of gaining it, moral--the inducement to urge you on, the noblest that could fire humanity.

To-day, we are enabled, we believe, to announce the formation of three in the County--in Mallow, in Fermoy, and Bantry. Our Bantry correspondent only alludes to a meeting to be held there in a few days, for the purpose of testifying their devotion to the wife of JOHN MITCHEL--but we trust that meeting will not separate without organising their Club.

The JOHN MITCHEL Club of Fermoy is announced to meet the 4^th of June. Our correspondent says: -- "Fermoy, June 3, 1848--You will perceive by the accompanying bills that there is a move here in the right direction. It is, however, I regret to say, exclusively confined to the working classes, those 'Pioneers of Liberty,' as poor MITCHEL called them."

(CE 5/6/1848) FORM YOUR CLUBS - Cork city is forming its Clubs, and enrolling members with spirit and activity. Let the city be an example to the county. Clubs are concentrated strength as well as opinion. Individuals are weak, segregated, inactive. Clubs are strong, compact, full of energy. Clubs are not debating societies. The question of Ireland has been debated long enough, God knows. Vigorous and manful action is now the order of the day. We do not mean by action, a resort to anything not justified by prudence, common sense, and the law of the land; but we do mean that the mental and bodily vigour of the nation--the soul and sinew of the country--should be so organised and concentrated, as to be prepared at any moment for any emergency that may arise, for any necessity that may call upon them, in those troublous times, to vindicate the rights and stand by the liberties of this poor country. Men take counsel in their clubs, cheer each other in clubs, become simultaneously indignant at wrong in clubs, feel common sympathies in clubs, and resolve boldly together in clubs....

(CE 5/6/1848) - SUBSCRIPTIONS RECEIVED FOR THE DEFENSE FUND - TO JUNE 1^ST, 1848

(CE 5/6/1848) FORM YOUR CLUBS .......Form your Clubs, then, in every locality. The method of organising is simple and lawful. The end to be gained, important--the mode of gaining it, moral--the inducement to urge you on, the noblest that could fire humanity. - To-day, we are enabled, we believe, to announce the formation of three in the County--in Mallow, in Fermoy, and Bantry. Our Bantry correspondent only alludes to a meeting to be held there in a few days, for the purpose of testifying their devotion to the wife of JOHN MITCHEL--but we trust that meeting will not separate without organising their Club. - The JOHN MITCHEL Club of Fermoy is announced to meet the 4^th of June. Our correspondent says: -- "Fermoy, June 3, 1848--You will perceive by the accompanying bills that there is a move here in the right direction. It is, however, I regret to say, exclusively confined to the working classes, those 'Pioneers of Liberty,' as poor MITCHEL called them."

(CC 6/6/1848) – THE CORK CONFEDERATES – On Sunday evening a meeting was held in a schoolhouse in Blarney-lane, at which all those determined to sacrifice their lives in the rescue of the Felon were invited to attend for the purpose of establishing a National Guard Club. About fifty clerks and tanyard porters attended, and great caution was exercised by the door sentinels in the admission of parties. A Mr. WM. HEGARTY was appointed president; his brother, PAT HEGARTY, vice-president; and a man of the name of HENNESSY treasurer, MR. ROBERT LAMBKIN, commandant-polytechnic of the northern district, attended to explain the objects of the movement, and it was resolved to establish this association under the style and title of the ‘Wolfe Tone Club.’ It was then proposed to proceed with the enrolment of members, when one of the sentries ran into the room in great trepidation, announcing that a policeman was outside, which had the effect of breaking up the meeting. It was stated at this gathering that it was proposed to form similar clubs in all localities –that the members were to provide themselves with fire-arms, and be practised in their use – that the presidents of the clubs in each district were to form a District Club – that each District Club should send a deputy to the County Club, and that each County Club should have a representative in the Metropolitan Club. By this arrangement it is expected that a system of combined action will be carried out, by which the liberation of MITCHEL and the Repeal of the Union will be accomplished.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

(CE 7/6/1848) FORMATION OF CLUBS - FERMOY-THE JOHN MITCHEL CLUB [FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT] - Fermoy, June 5^th, 1848--This Club, which had sprung into existence within the last few days, and takes its name from the unconstitutional means resorted to by the authorities to victimize JOHN MITCHEL, who is now looked upon as a martyr of Irish liberty, held its first public meeting in Fermoy in Sunday last. The meeting, which was in the open air, was well attended, not withstanding it poured rain in torrents throughout the proceedings. There was rather a paucity of attendance as regards the "better classes", but their place was well supplied by poorer if not better and more patriotic men, those "Pioneers of Liberty" as MITCHEL would have called them.

The Chair was taken by Mr. D. TOOHIL, Mr. J. COLLINS was appointed as Secretary.

The Chairman explained that the objects of the meeting were to extend the organization of the Club to all creeds and classes, and establish a Reading Room and Library.

Mr. J. TATE proposed the 1^st resolution, which attributed Irish misery to English misrule--he forcibly traced Irish ruin and distress, particularly amongst the mechanical, agricultural and labouring classes, to English misgovernments. He pointed out the resources which under domestic legislation might make Ireland one of the richest countries in the world, and concluded amidst loud cheers.

Mr. RIORDAN seconded this resolution; he pledged himself to use his best efforts by all constitutional means to free his oppressed country from the galling thraldom of a foreign yoke (cheers).

Mr. JOHN LYSAGHT, jun., proposed the second resolution as to extending the organization of the Club, and establishing a Reading Room. He said the time had come to sink all Sectarian differences, and referred amidst much cheering to the Protestant Repeal Association of Dublin. He said the days of party ascendancy had happily passed away, and he hoped ere long whether he was here or in another country to rejoice at the restored nationality of Ireland (cheers).

Mr. WM. BARRETT seconded this resolution; -- he said there had been much bickering amongst certain persons as to the title of the Club--that the men whom he had seen last week, with sorrow depicted on their countenances, and who said they would share their last shilling with the family of JOHN MITCHEL, were now afraid to join a Club called after him. For my part, said Mr. BARRETT, I will never disown him (tremendous cheers), and I hope, neither will you, to please the whining servility of any man or men. We will have no re-baptism (cheers). It in incumbent on no man on joining this Club to identify himself with all the sentiments of JOHN MITCHEL. After calling on the meeting to enrol themselves as members, Mr. BARRETT retired amidst loud cheers.

Mr. J. COLLINS proposed the next resolution, which was condemnatory of the means resorted to, to obtain a conviction against Mr. MITCHEL. He explained the object of the proposed Club, the advantages to be derived from a Reading-room and Library, the necessity of combined action, and called, in strong terms, amidst much cheers, upon all classes, particularly the young working men, to conciliate and co-operate with each other to educate and organize, but of all things to unite (cheers).

The Chief and a party of Police were in attendance at the meeting, and a Stipendiary Magistrate from Mitchelstown arrived in town, it was said, for the occasion, but not the slightest tendency to disorder could be observed.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

(CC 20/6/1848) – A CRUEL HOAX – Thursday last some foreigners arrived at the Victoria Hotel, Patrick-street, who, from their fashionable appearance and the immesnse quantity of jet black hair on their chins, attracted considerable attention. Various were the inquiries as to who were the visitors. A certain witty corporate officer, who visits the Chamber, whispered that amongst the strangers were no less personages than LEDRU ROLLIN and LAMARTINE. This spread like wild fire, and in the evening simultaneous meetings of the Confederate Clubs of Blarney Lane, Ballinthamause, Blackpool, and other ‘fashionable’ localities assembled, and addresses and deputations as the order of the day were resolved on. Friday, a numerous deputation from these clubs waited on Mr. M’CORMACK, requesting him to introduce them to LEDRU ROLLIN and LAMARTINE. ‘I don’t know them,’ said the worthy host: ‘they are not in my hotel!’ And pray are they not of the party of Frenchmen that arrived here yesterday? Inquired the deputation. ‘No gentlemen,’ was the reply, ‘ you have been shamefully hoaxed. These gentlemen are not Frenchmen but Brazilians, residents of Bahia, and they have just left in a coach and four for Dublin, on their way to London.’ The astonished Deputation looked petrified, and returned from the Victoria uttering curses loud and deep on the Corporate official who had thus hoaxed them, on a subject which all Irishmen were so interested in – the redemption of their country from Saxon domination.

(CC 24/6/1848) – TO THE EDITOR OF THE CORK CONSTITUTION - SIR – Your Evening Contemporary, in his publication of Tuesday, speaks of the formation of a Confederate Club here, under the presidency of a Mr. M. P. ENGLAND, and states that the ‘sticklers for Protestant ascendency’ will join the ranks of these mischief-loving ‘Patriots.’ - Permit me to contradict this statement. The respectable portion of the Catholic inhabitants, as well as the entire Protestant population, having nothing whatever to say to this miserable effort of an ‘expiring faction.’ It is an attempt made by a few desperate politicians who have ruined their humble fortunes by attending through life to public affairs, and neglecting their own. They have now nothing to lose, and prefer using their exertions – powerless though they be – in producing a state of anarchy and confusion, which may lead to a general scramble when they may gain something. Such is a brief summary of their objects and patriotism. That same is applicable, with few exceptions, to the gentlemen acting in a higher sphere, of whom these poor fellows are the humble and misguided copyists – Your very obedient servant, BLACK MONDAY, Bandon, June 22^nd, 1848

(CC 4/7/1848) – THE CONFEDERATE CLUBS – Every day there are additions to the number of these confederacies, in and around this city, whose names are selected from the lists of rebels who forfeited their lives or were expatriated for their crimes some fifty years ago, with the few exceptions in respect to those clubs, which are distinguished by the names of our modern anarchists. At the present moment each street in the city, and each village in the barony of Cork has its club, which is open daily, and in which at night conclaves assemble. From what has transpired, it is evident they meet not to adopt measures for themselves separately, but to carry out the mandates of some directing body. Saturday evening the clubs were all convened at their rooms, when it was announced that the Southern Council had in it command to direct the club presidents to call them together on an early occasions, when their organisation would be completed, and they would be divided into acting sections, and that the members should hold themselves in readiness for visits from the district armourers, whose duty it was to report upon the effectiveness of the weapons in the possession of the members. It was also announced that each male person over the age of 15 would be required to join the club in his district, and to provide himself with arms, and train himself to their use, and that any person who refused to do so should be reported to the Club Secretary, whose duty it would be to forward the name, age, occupation, residence, &c., to the Southern Council.

(CC 4/7/1848) –YESTERDAY – On the Bench – John Bagnell, Charles Sugrue, and Alexander F. M’Namara, Esqrs.

Patrick M’Carthy was summoned by John Mooney, a lodging-house keeper in Barrack-street, for an assault. - The Complainant applied to postpone the case until his witness, Head-Constable Crowley, was in attendance. - Mr. Julian, for the traverser, opposed the motion, saying that if the case was of any moment, the Head-Constable would have been in attendance. - Constable Cudmore said it was an assault committed by some of the Confederates at the ‘Oliver Bond Club,’ 100, Barrack-street. - Mr. Bagnell said they would hear the case now, and if necessary would send for the Head-Constable.

Mooney swore that on Friday evening Head-Constable Crowley called to his house and asked was the carpenter within, when witness said he would call him, and went to the club-room door, and asked the sentinel for Horgan, when Patrick M’Carthy struck him and followed witness to his house with a mob. - On cross-examination, he said that he did not want to force his way in, nor did he endeavour to become a member of the club.

To Mr. Bagnell – Seeing me in company with Head-Constable Crowley they thought I was a spy, and they brought a mob after me.

John M’Carthy, a diminutive, mean-countenanced man, swore that he was a labourer and a member of the club. On this evening he was door keeper with Patrick M’Carthy; Mooney came up and wanted to force his way in, saying he would go in spite of them. Witness refused to permit him, as it was contrary to orders, and they shouldered him off.

Mr. Sugrue – We dismiss the case. Mooney, do not go there again unless you are regularly proposed and balloted.

Mooney – What annoyed me was the mob they sent after me. The case was dismissed.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

(CC TUESDAY 11/7/1848) – TEA TO SMITH O BRIEN – Our Confederate Riflemen gave a tea party last night at the Citizens’ Club-room (the old People’s Hall) to MR. SMITH O BRIEN, the ‘prosecuted patriot.’ The room was decorated with trades’ banners, a tri colour and green flags. At one extreme was the motto, ‘Let every man have his own country,’ and at the other ‘Democracy all over the world.’ The preparations for tea were on a scale which proved the sale of tickets to have been very meagre. The room, which is a small one, was not filled, though the proceedings were delayed until nine o clock. At this hour Mr. DENNY LANE took the chair. On his right sat Mr. Smith O Brien, Mr. John Shea Lalor and Father Shiel. Tea was then served. Letters of apology were announced from Messrs. John O Neil Daunt, Galway, Stritch, John Martin, C. Gavan Duffy and Doheny. It was nearly 10 o clock when the President rose, to give the final sentiment, which was,’ The Irish people, may they speedily attain to social elevation, happiness and freedom, and to national independence.’ (Loud cheering) - Mr SHINE LALOR spoke to the sentiment.

The PRESIDENT next gave ‘ John Mitchel – may he soon return in triumph to that land from which his genius warmed by sympathy with its suffering people, and kindled into indignation by the sense of their wrongs, has for a while banished him. - Mr. ISAAC VARIAN acknowledged the compliment on the part of the expatriated Felon.

THE PRESIDENT then proposed ‘Messrs. O Brien and Meagher – the devoted, chivalrous and uncompromising champions of their native land – may they find in their success of that cause to which they have pledged their lives, their fortunes, and their scared honour, the highest guerdon for which men can struggle.’ - Mr. W. SMITH O BRIEN spoke to the sentiment.

The other sentiments were ‘The memory of Daniel O Connell,’ ‘The memory of Thomas Davis – may the strong feelings of nationality which Molyneux, Swift, and Grattan created in the Protestant heart of Ireland, and which he revived, speedily make a powerful nation of a divided province,’ ‘The Irish peasant, his rights of property and life;’ spoken to by Mr. J. SHEA LALOR. The last was – ‘The American Republic – its heroes and statesmen.’

(CC 11/7/1848) – ‘FOREWARNED IS FOREARMED’ – TO THE EDITOR OF THE CORK CONSTITUTION – SIR – Referring to your remarks in last Saturday’s Paper, you are quite correct in saying that ‘no better plan for schooling the disaffected could be devised, than the present clubs’ which are ‘covering the country.’ Never did the rebels plan an insurrection better than they are doing at present; hundreds of thousands, all armed, are already said to belong to them; and ‘unless they are instantly put down the days of Ireland are numbered.’ - In a conversation which I had with a President of one lately, who supposed that I was friendly to the cause, he told me that they were fast enrolling members, and would very soon be in a position to enforce what they required. Are the Protestants to fold their arms and wait until a sanguinary insurrection commences? If the Government do not at once put it down, they are traitors to the Protestants of Great Britain and Ireland, and I would respectfully suggest either that the Protestants forthwith unite, and of course arm likewise to repel the expected rising; or, if this be not done, then I say, to save their lives and their properties, let them unite with the rebels. Either of these two plans they must adopt and that speedily, or depend upon it before many days it will be too late. - AN OLD ORANGEMAN - I would be glad to know if the Orange Society is in existence in Cork, as I have heard nothing of it since it was disbanded in William the Fourth’s reign.

(CC 13/7/1848) – TO THE EDITOR OF THE CORK CONSTITUTION – SIR – A statement appeared on Tuesday’s Reporter, that the meeting of the Confederate Clubs was to be held on my premises; I beg most distinctly to state that such was not the case, as, in the first instances, I was never applied to, and, if I were, it would not at all answer me to give my premises for any such purpose. - I am, Sir, your obedient servant, - JAMES JOYCE, South Terrace, July 12, 1848.

(CC THURSDAY 13/7/1848) – TO THE EDITOR OF THE CORK CONSTITUTION – SIR – Are those rebel clubs to be permitted to make such physical displays with impunity, as those of last Tuesday evening? - Are bands of open and professed rebels to be allowed to parade and occupy our streets with military array, to the terror of the peaceable portion of the community? - Is, or can, such a disorganised state of society be permitted in a land under the protection of England? - These are questions which are sure to be met with a defiant and stern negative from every well-wisher of his country. - Let therefore that portion unite in rigorous efforts to counteract the wide-spreading evil caused by these Clubs and the pernicious doctrines emanating from them. - As one means of doing this I would impress on them the necessity, nay, I would almost call it a duty imperative on them, not to employ any servant, labourer, &c., or even to purchase a single article at the shop of any person who themselves, or who permit their assistants or dependents to join or take any part in the present rebellious movements. - If you do not do this, remember what you are doing; you are doing nothing less than buying a gun, powder, and bullets, a pike or other weapon wherewith to murder yourself. I have been led to these remarks by seeing many of the assistants of the three largest establishments in this city (and also many belonging to minor ones) and some shopkeepers, drawn up in close order, two deep, at the hour of 10 o clock at night, on the South Mall, being inspected by that would-be patriot, Mr. SMITH O BRIEN, who had the humility to walk down the line – hat in hand, to these aristocratic counter-jumping gentry. Nevertheless, he had the good sense to keep his tongue within his teeth. Hoping I have not trespassed too far on your valuable space, I remain, Sir, your’s - A SPECTATOR.

(CC THURSDAY 13/7/1848) – REBEL REVIEW – Tuesday evening was appointed by Mr. W. Smith O Brien for his inspection of the Confederate Clubs of this city, and the place appointed as the review field was that piece of ground behind the Corn Market and adjoining the City Park known by the name of the Monerea Marsh. At seven o clock the clubs began to arrive at the end of the South Terrace, and having been passed by tickets into the salt and lime works yard of J. J. O Connor, were drawn up according to precedence. They moved up into sections of two deep, each section numbering from 40 to 100, flanked by persons apparently in command, and whose orders were given by signs. Each section, as it arrived at a certain point on the road, passed in review in front of the superior officer. The sections, which continued to march up in quick succession, had all arrived before eight o clock. Shortly after that hour a band came up playing a military quickstep, followed by a jingle, in which were Mr. W. Smith O Brien, and Messrs. Denny Lane, J. Shea Lawlor and R. Shine Lalor. Having alighted, they went into the yard for a few minutes, when Mr. O Brien ordered them to march to the Monerea Marsh, and draw up in line. The order being obeyed, they all drew up in military line, and he passed along with his staff, each man as he passed putting the index finger of the right hand to his hat or cap in salute. Mr. O Brien then took up a prominent position, and the clubs marched two deep in review before him, headed by their presidents, flanked by the secretaries, and closed by the vice-presidents. As each club passed the president announced its name, and all gave the salute. Mr. O Brien watched cautiously to see that each man gave the salute, and whenever a party forgot to do so he rebuked him occasionally saying ‘Just touch your hats as you walk along.’ The St. Patrick’s Club having halted in front of him for a moment, he cried out, ‘ Do move along, and when you meet the other club turn to the east, as I want to see what kind of men the patriots of Ireland are.’ On one of the clubs passing, he remarked on the number of young boys in it, to which Town Councillor Mullan replied, ‘We are particular to enrol none under sixteen years of age, and all this will be found to come up to that.’ Mr. O Brien having disapproved of the order in which one club marched, one of the members said, ‘we want a little discipline yet, sir; but we are willing to learn.’ To which Mr. O Brien said, in an authoritive tone,’ keep up your places and be silent!’ A woman here rushed forward and exclaimed, ‘three cheers for the King of Munster,’ to which Mr. O Brien replied, ‘not yet – not yet – no shouting – no shouting.’ The clubs were composed of tradesmen, with one exception, that of the Mercantile Assistants’ Club, the majority of whose members were the shop clerks in the drapers’ establishments in this city. The review having terminated, Mr. S. O Brien and his staff mounted a heap of rubbish, and, fronting the Lunatic Asylum, he was presented with an address from the southern district. The address was read by Mr. Ralph Varian, Secretary of the Southern Council. The following are extracts from the document:-

DEAR SIR, - On behalf of the fifteen Clubs of Cork city, we venture to address you. - ‘The bending slavishness of the aristocracy of this country to the uncurbed power of an English dominancy is unexampled in the history of master and slave classes. The love of country is not only an instinct, but the first of social virtues. The Irish aristocracy have not this intuition, which is common to savages. It has either been whipped out of them or bribed out of them. They stand alone in opposing the liberties of their own country. They prefer being last in England to being first in Ireland. This is a social sin; it is a political heresy. It damnifies equally the land and the people. It perpetuates the degradation of Ireland. It makes a land of slaves and beggars. Its gods are poor law officials – it’s sanctified institutions, poor law bastiles – its revenues, absentee rents and poor rates. This is Ireland of the present under English rule, after half a century of that legislation which we are called upon to uphold, as the perfection of human wisdom, by our blood and bravery – our common sense and common strength. - You have nobly risen against all this. You have pronounced that it is unsanctioned by any law of our being, by any dictate of our reason, by any edict of our morals, by any principle of human truth or human right. When it is condemnable by all those forces of reason and religion, you assert, and truly do you say it, that it is lawful and legitimate for the Irish people to oppose it to the death. As all tyrannies must be put down, so must the tyranny of English misrule.’

MR. SMITH O BRIEN then addressed them. He was not sorry that the enemies of this country had an opportunity of seeing such a heart-stirring display, for they desired it to be believed that so much disunion prevailed amongst the Irish people that it would be impossible to collect the united sentiments of such a great city as Cork in such a demonstration as he now beheld; and he was told that seldom, if ever, be the occasion however interesting, was so large a mass of people met together as was upon the present. He had to thank the clubs for the extreme regularity, order and precision which they observed; and for his part he placed very little value upon cheers, but deeply felt the importance of subordination; for shouting was of little avail when the struggle was for liberty, while regularity and order were the great requisites; and therefore they should accustom themselves to control; and this was now the more necessary, for never at any former period were such unjustifiable attempts made by a Whig minister to suppress the liberties of the people as at the present moment. Having referred to the trial of Mitchel and the arrests of Duffy and the others, he asked them might he tell Duffy and the others now lying in dungeon that the men of Cork were prepared? ( Loud cries of ‘yes and the women too.’) Were they prepared to sustain those heroes in every effort to demand, if necessary, and secure the final vindication of the liberties of this country? (Shouts of ‘yes.’) From expedience alone he was anxious to avoid a catastrophe – having the Irish people plunged into unsuccessful strife, for when the effort was made for the independence of the country it must be crowned with success, and he was now bound to tell them that the only fear he entertained of the achievement of that success was precipitation and defeat in the endeavour to vindicate their rights. Therefore he concilled them to accustom themselves to restraint so far as was possible under existing circumstances. He told them not to do nothing rashly – nothing without the desire of their leaders – nothing without the co-operation of their fellow countrymen, and, trusting in the skill and resolution of their leaders, they would find the struggle conducted to a successful issue.

Mr. DENNY LANE – Suggest the necessity of all joining the clubs. - Mr. S. O Brien said that they had seen the advantage of club organization where they had seen 2000 or 3000 fellow-citizens drawn up in position in an orderly manner and he hoped that after this night they would all get enrolled. He now requested them to move off as quietly as they had come, and above all things to avoid shouting in the streets, and he would now disperse them, calling for them to give a hearty cheer for Ireland. (Cheering.)

Mr. DENNY LANE – Try and make them cheer like soldiers. Three cheers in order, and take the fire from your hat. - Mr. S. O Brien – A cheer for liberty and Ireland. (Loud cheering.) See the clubs are going off in order, do you follow them in an orderly manner. - The meeting now fell into line, and at ten o clock, marched from the review.

(CC 18/7/1848) – CONFEDERATES IN CARRIGALINE – ON Sunday after last Mass, a meeting was held in the chapel yard of Carrigaline for the purpose of establishing a Confederate Club. The meeting was attended by a deputation of four from the city, the prominent parties being Mr. VARIAN, the Brush-make, and Mr. HAYES, the coffin-maker. When the meeting was about being held, the deputation and a crowd followed Father RYAN, the parish Priest, as he was leaving the chapel, and requested him to take the chair, but he peremptorily refused, stating that he was not a fighting man, and that he was much grieved to find his hitherto peaceable parish invaded by parties whose anxiety was to drive the country to outrage. After much loss of time a chairman was caught in the person of a Mr. MICHAEL POWER, an unemployed school-master, who had been recently removed from the superintendence of the National School in that district. Mr. VARIAN then came forward, and made a long speech, referring to what had recently occurred on the continent, in the course of which a loud cheer was given for France. He recommended them to get arms and prepare themselves for the coming struggle for their liberties. At this moment the speaker perceived a policeman taking notes, when he poured out a tirade of abuse on him. He recommended his audience to read the Felon, the Nation, the Irishman, the National Guard, and the Penny Irishman, but to be careful in avoiding the Cork Constitution. He concluded by reading a series of resolutions to them. - Several other orators followed, who recommended strongly an appeal to arms, and a fixed determination to trample on the base oppressors of their country, after which the Club was declared established. The parties then adjourned to the jig houses in the neighbourhood. Those who attended the meeting were mostly labourers, farmers’ sons, and young females.

(CC 18/7/1848) – THE REBELS IN BLARNEY – Sunday last the members of the ‘John Mitchel Club,’ about 30 persons, mostly ship carpenters, visited the Groves of Blarney, their object being to sow sedition; but the priest of the parish, Rev. MAT. HORGAN, of round tower notoriety, having previously exhorted his parishioners against such bad company, the mission of these formenters of discord proved abortive. The Confederates had no meeting, owing to the absence of the farmers, who to a man remained away. At no period were more than 30 idlers present, and these were evidently attracted by curiosity, owing to the procession, a la militaire, into which the ‘no property’ men formed. After discoursing with those present on the objects to be attained in forming a club, in securing the liberty of Ireland, and making an effort to become gentlemen, the Confederates retired disconcerted at the ill success of their crusade against property, as far as Blarney is concerned. The ‘affair’ altogether was of that despicable nature that the Constabulary of Blarney did not deign to visit them, though looking at them through their barrack windows. Subsequently, however, a second club, that of ‘Lord Edward Fitzgerald,’ arrived from the fashionable purlieus of Mallow-lane, arrived, in larger numbers than the former. This club was headed by two young men named POWER. Another club having arrived, the three different clubs then, as it is called, ‘fraternized,’ and having formed three deep, proceeded from the village to Haly’s Bridge. After thus marching and counter-marching, they took up their position in the Chapel yard. The crowd at this period became rather numerous, and the police deemed in advisable to attend and take notes of what dropped from the speakers. Two soldiers were present, whom the police paid some attention to, they having repeatedly shouted for Repeal, and announced that similar opinions were held by the majority of the Army. Before and after the meeting immense quantities of porter were drank and given away by the confederates, and in some cases, the ‘shebeen’ houses were emptied of their contents. It was rumoured that a ‘Detective’ was present in the chapel yard, and this would appear to have had considerable restraint on the orators, who went into a peaceable district to forment rebellion amongst the peasantry.

At Glasheen, too, on the same day the ‘Burniston Club’ assembled, marched in military array, Mr. O BRIEN, late basket-maker, and vice-president of the club, occupying a very prominent position. Having collected a crowd of the poor residents of that locality they were addressed by the confederate orators on the objects of their mission.

Cloghroe, also, was not without a visit from these worthies. In this case the object was to frighten the parish priest (Mr. CAHILL), who had addressed his congregation from the altar on the previous Sabbath, strongly condemning the pernicious doctrines of the Young Ireland party, and advising his parishoners, as they valued peace and their own security, to give no countenance to such persons. The confederates having heard of their being denounced by his reverence, deemed it expedient to send a deputation from their body, to induce him to change his opinions, and this was the cause of the visit to Cloghroe on Sunday; but report says that the deputation were most unsuccessful, his reverence declaring his intention of giving them every opposition.

(CC 18/7/1848) – TO THE EDITOR OF THE CORK CONSTITUTION – SIR – I, and many others to whom I have spoken, would feel much obliged if you could publish the names of those persons who have enrolled themselves as member of rebellious clubs, as it is our firm determination not to deal with any shopkeeper or establishment that has any member belonging to it connected with them; if you can’t give the names of all you can give the names of some. I would also beg most earnestly all loyal persons to adopt this resolution; it is the sense and spirit of society itself which can alone protect itself. Governments, when unaided by that sense, can effect but little, and that little is always ineffective, because it is, to a certain degree, the result of force. - I trust you will take this matter up strongly, and endeavour to impress on all, that all that even connive at rebellion, and those connive that do not firmly oppose it, are guilty of the sin and misery which always attend it. - I have the honour to be, sir, your obedient servant, - A LOOKER-ON

We are afraid it is useless. It has always been the reproach of loyalists – more especially of Protestants – that they feed the fire in which they are to be consumed. They lay out their money with people who employ it in providing pikes and rifles to maim and murder them, while they suffer men as loyal as themselves, and who have always been ready to shed their blood in defence of the institutions which they profess to venerate, to decline and fall from want of that ‘custom’ which they so inconsistently carry to persons who revile them as ‘enemies,’ and boast that they are leagued together for their prostration and destruction. Even when Mr. O CONNELL proclaimed his crusade against the shops of political opponents, the majority of those opponents continued to support the supporters of the man who denounced them. We see, therefore, little prospect of good from the suggestion of our Correspondent, even could we consent to publish the names of the shopkeepers or establishments alluded to. Loyalists will awake only when the pike is at their breasts or the pistol at their heads.

(CE 19/7/1848) - THIS DAY (PRESIDING MAGISTRATES - MESSRS. BAGNELL, ROCHE AND SPEARING) - Shortly after the sitting of the Magistrates today, Mr. RALPH VARIAN, one of the parties accused of sedition, entered Court for the purpose of giving bail. He was accompanied by several friends. Mr. FELIX MULLAN and Mr. JOHN DALY were tendered as bail, and accepted. The warrant having been procured, the recognizances were perfected, and Mr. VARIAN left the Court.

A copy of the informations was exhibited in Court, and was read with interest. The perusal of it created great laughter among the parties charged, several of whom were present. If rumour be correct the document exhibits the most singular manner possible the qualifications of the Constabulary for their new function of reporting with accuracy the proceedings of public meetings.

On yesterday evening, Mr. GEORGE ALLMAN, who was included in the informations, was made amenable in Bandon. Mr. ALLMAN is employed in the establishment of Messrs. CARMICHAEL and Co., of this city, but was on a visit with some relatives in that town. In this case it appears that the police authorities acted with courtesy, Sub-Inspector BRETT having sent information to Mr. ALLMAN that he had a warrant for his arrest, upon which he attended before a Magistrate, and was bailed by Mr. ROBERT ALLMAN.

(CE 21/7/1848) - REGISTRY OF ARMS - Yesterday being the first day appointed for holding a court for the registration of arms, rendered imperative by the proclamation of the city under the Coercion act, the Tuckey Street Guard House, the place appointed for that purpose, was filled during the entire day by the numerous applicants attending. - WILLIAM KNARESBOROUGH, R.M., and ALEXANDER KINGSTON FOX presided; ably assisted by Head Constable CROWLEY and Constable PORTER, who supplied the necessary local information as to the political opinions of the persons requiring to register. - Mr. KNARESBOROUGH distinctly intimated, at various periods during the day, that their instructions were not to license any member connected with a political club, which was understood to refer to the Confederate Associations of the city. After several applications had been disposed of,

Mr. JAMES N. FITZPATRICK, Patrick-street, applied to register a gun. - Head Constable CROWLEY--Are you connected with the clubs in any way? Mr. FITZPATRICK--No. You are not a member of course? --No. The application was granted.

JOHN REED, 113 Barrack street, one gun and two pistols. The same question having been addressed to Mr. REED, and replied to in the negative, a license was granted for the arms required.

EDWARD TILBURY, Tailor, 18 Princes-street--two pair of pistols. CROWLEY--You don’t' belong to the Clubs? Mr. TILBURY--No, indeed, I am a loyal man, and always shall be. Granted.

Mr. MICHAEL JOSEPH COLLINS applied for permission to register a single barrell [sic] fowling piece. In answer to Head Constable CROWLEY, he said he belonged to the Citizen Club. - CROWLEY--This is an application we object to for this reason--he was, a short time since, a member of the Citizen Club, one of the Confederate Clubs, and I believe he is still a member of one of the clubs.

Mr. KNARESBOROUGH--This is an objection we cannot get over. - Mr. COLLINS--Is there any objection except being a member of a club

CROWLEY--None, and if your father comes to register, we can have no objection, as he is a most respectable gentleman.

Mr. COLLINS--Its merely for the purpose of being able to carry the gun myself as my father has a game license, and is, therefore, entitled to keep arms, and I cannot retract, as I'd prefer being a member of a Confederate Club than get permission to keep arms.

Mr. WILLIAM O NEILL, attorney's apprentice, applied to register one gun. - CROWLEY--What club do you belong to? Mr. O NEILL--Why so? Because it is necessary to know. CROWLEY--Well, I don’t conceive it necessary to tell you. I have reason to know that you belong to one.

Mr. O NEILL--The act of parliament gives you no power to ask any questions Mr. FOX. But we have the power of asking them. - CROWLEY--I have two objections to this gentleman--first, I have reason to believe that he belongs to one of the Confederate Clubs, and next, that he has no use of arms.

Mr. O NEILL--Why do you suppose I belong to one of the clubs? - CROWLEY--Oh, I believe you are.

Mr. O NEILL--But, at least, you ought give some reason. - Constable PORTER--I know the gentleman very well, he lives near me; and I would say this gentleman does not require any arms. - The opinion of the worthy Constable, so opportunely ventured, when CROWLEY appeared to be in a "considerable fix" as to his reasons for suspecting Mr. ONEILL's connection with the club, settled the matter, which means, of course, the refusal of the application.

Mr.GEORGE CROFTS, Ashton place, Solicitor, required to register one gun, one blunderbuss, six pistols, and a small cannon! - Mr. KNARESBOROUGH--What do you want of all this? --To protect my house. Mr. KNARESBOROUGH--Oh surely the country is not in such a bad state as all that amounts to. Mr. CROFTS--I got all these registered here before. - This modest application was amputated to the extent of one gun, one blunderbuss, and a pair of pistols.

EDWARD FITZGERALD, grocer, 24 Market-street, three pistols and a bayonet. - CROWLEY--This gentleman's son belongs to one of the clubs. - Mr. KNARESBOROUGH--Does your son reside in the house? Mr. FITZGERALD--No sir. - CROWLEY--Well then, there can be no objection. -The application was allowed minus the bayonet, with, which all weapons of a similar character, are excluded.

WILLIAM C. PENROSE, civil engineer, two double guns. - Mr. KNARESBRO'--I suppose it is for sporting purposes you want those, if so a game license will answer? - Mr. PENROSE jocosely [sic] observed that they were intended for sporting or any other purposes that they might be required for; and that he might have both licenses.

WILLIAM CHARLES WELSTEAD applied to register one double-barrelled gun, one case of pistols, and one military sword, and fifty rounds of ball cartridge. - The swords were excluded, but the other weapons were granted.

Upon an applicant being asked if he were a householder, Mr. SARSFIELD, who was waiting to register, snatched his written application from the hands of the policeman, saying that if it was necessary to be a householder he was not one. However, he was informed that this was not a necessary qualification--though in every other case where the parties applying were of different circumstances and opinions from Mr. SARSFIELD, the condition was rigidly exacted.

JOHN F. MAGUIRE (barrister) applied for a license to keep a fowling piece and two pistols. - Mr. KNARESBOROUGH, having communicated with Head Constable CROWLEY, said--Sir, you will not take it as in the least discourteous of me to say that we are expressly forbidden to register any person that is a member of or has any connection with the Confederate Clubs.

Mr. MAGUIRE--I certainly am not a member of a Confederate Club. - Mr. KNARESBOROUGH--Well, what other Clubs are there in Cork? - Mr. MAGUIRE--There may be a Chess Club.

Mr. KNARESBOROUGH--Oh yes, but of a political nature. - Mr. MAGUIRE--I distinctly assert that I do not belong to a Confederate Club. - Mr. KNARESBOROUGH--We will take your word for that Sir.

Mr. MAGUIRE--I don't care whether you grant the license or not. - Mr. KNARESBOROUGH--Well, Mr. MAGUIRE, we will defer the case to the bye and bye.

Col. BURKE, as a magistrate of the county, requested a copy of the proclamation, to take down to the Carrigaline district. He was told, in reply, that the supply of the article had been exhausted. - Upon the application of a pawnbroker, Mr. KNARESBOROUGH postponed the case to Saturday, when they would arrange with respect to arms already in the possession of persons of that trade.

WILLIAM LANDOR, barrister, having applied to register, the Magistrate asked him would not one gun do. - Mr. LANDOR--Why I don't believe I ever used more than one--at the time. - Magistrate--Is not one gun sufficient for your house? - Mr. LANDOR--Yes, but I have a back house too.

JOHN DAVIS, Printer in the office of the Constitution, applied to register a sword. As he represented that the weapon he bought was a curiosity, the case was postponed for consideration.

Captain M'CALL submitted a list of weapons, almost sufficient to serve with proportionate ammunition a company of soldiers, for registration. - Mr. KNARESBOROUGH--We can hardly allow one person such an armory. Have you much property to protect? - Capt. M'CALL--Why I think I can prove to you that I have as large a property as any other person. I can show a family of 18 or 19 people, and that I think is the property that we ought to be most anxious to protect (laughter). I have also a large house. - The arms were licensed with the exception of the swords.

DANIEL HORGAN, coach builder. - Mr. KNARESBOROUGH--What do you want all this armory for? Sure people are not in the habit of stealing coaches. Could you not keep a good watch? -Really, I am afraid that we are going farther than our instructions will allow on us. Notwithstanding all our caution, we have been running riot. - Part of the arms were allowed.

WILLIAM DENNY, Carpenter, was peremptorily objected to by the police. - Mr. KNARESBOROUGH--Oh, keep a good watchdog. - DENNY--Why sir, a watchdog could be poisoned and a pistol could not?

The entire number of licenses granted amounted to about 250, and the reserved cases to about 30. The preceding would convey an imperfect idea of the administration of the law, without reference to the class of parties who were rejected, and those who were admitted without discussion. It is sufficient then to state, that all Confederates, or against whom the police could breathe a suspicion on political grounds, were indiscriminately and peremptorily forced out. And the object appeared to be not more to deprive those individuals of the possession of arms, than to arm to the utmost extent those of opposite principles. In the case of the latter, no debate, no exception or qualification, except as to the quantity of arms, was interposed. It is unnecessary to refer to particular cases, when the exclusion of one party was practised universally and without the affectation of concealment. The most remarkable circumstances appeared in the almost complete absence of applications from the members of the Clubs, who seemed to care little for the enactment. During the day the classification of the parties applying excited some attention, and it was remarked that not more that a dozen "Clubmen" appeared.

(CE 26/7/1848) - THE PROSECUTIONS AT CORK (From the Freeman) - As the gentlemen who have been last favoured with the attention of our "vigorous" administration, for the political part they have taken in Cork, have not acquired, or sought for, any political or other celebrity beyond their own city and neighbourhood, it may not be unacceptable to our readers that we should present them with a brief personal notice of those whom the officials of the Southern capital imagine they "bagged."

That they are particularly wide of the mark this time, may be pretty easily guessed from the "hodge podge, " in the shape of an information for sedition, sworn by that most sagacious and sharp-sighted functionary, Police Officer GORE BRETT, of Bandon, and which our contemporary, the Cork Examiner, most truly designates "a mare's nest." However we presume any sort of a political prosecution is deemed good enough for the provincials, and that the paternal Whigs think the shadow of sedition in Cork would be as "safe" for a conviction there as the substance of it in Dublin.

But let us see who are the parties against whose seditious designs the crown and government security people have thought it necessary to plant their legal batteries.

Messrs. ISAAC and RALPH VARIAN are highly respectable men of business in Cork. For many years past the house of VARIAN and Co. has been established in that city as extensive brush manufacturers, giving employment on a large scale, and maintaining the highest reputation for integrity and fair dealing. Through the severe pressure on every branch of Irish industry arising from the importation of English manufacture, the Messrs. VARIAN, by close application and unwearied perseverance, succeeded in preserving in their native city in a great degree that branch of trade with which they were connected, and which has been most prosperous under their management. In public life until very recently the Messrs.VARIAN have only taken a part as earnest and energetic promoters of every social reform, and particularly the temperance movement, in which it may be truly said they were among the most efficient co-operators of Father Mathew, and by their successful efforts in uniting with the Temperance Institute lectures on science reading rooms, soirees, musicals, &c., tended materially to give permanence and encouragement to it. They have also been remarkable for their exertions in aid of every philanthropic effort to promulgate education, to evoke public charity under the recent calamitous visitation in the south, and they are generally esteemed as good and meritorious citizens in every matter wherein they have taken a part.

Mr. JOHN W. BOURKE is a young gentleman who has recently entered on his profession as a solicitor, and is regarded by his fellow citizens as one whose steady attention to its duties and quiet unobtrusive demeanour had marked out for him in due time a high position and extensive practice. He is the son of a respectable notary and insurance agent. His brother-in-law by whom he was bailed, Dr. M'EVERS, is an eminent medical man, and greatly endeared to all his fellow citizens.

Mr. DENIS PHILIP LYONS is a young gentleman of considerable literary acquirements and one whose kind disposition has won him, even in the opening of his career, many valuable friends; he is connected, we believe, with the family of the estimable mayor of Cork, WILLIAM LYONS, Esq.

Mr. JOHN O BRIEN is, as those who know him best can best tell, one of the most unlikely persons to be the disseminator of any doctrines tending to revolutionise or disorganise society. He is a large proprietor of house property in the city; having commenced life in humble circumstances, by singular energy and industry he gradually advanced himself to a position of considerable independence, always maintaining the goodwill of the public, as has been evinced by his election to the offices of Town Councillor and Poor Law Guardian. He has built out of the profit of his business the handsome range of enclosed houses known as Thomond-square, in the southern part of Cork, also several handsome residences on the western road and near the site of the new Queen's College. He is a man of remarkable quiet and retiring habits, and has not been heretofore known to take any very prominent part in public matters.

Mr. GEORGE ALLMAN is a member of a highly respectable family in Bandon, who, when Ireland was prosperous and independent, held a high position as distillers and general merchants in that once thriving town, and is, we believe, nearly related to the respected gentleman of that name who is Professor of Natural History in Trinity College.

These pages are for the use and enjoyment of website visitors who are researching Cork history and genealogy and they are freely accessible. Some of the material is borrowed from others. Please do not link directly to any images on these pages, as that would constitute misuse.

Cork Ancestors

corkgen.org

LEE WARD-WM. REARDON, Secretary -	£12.4.0

JEREMIAH BUCKLEY, £1.0.0	JOHN COTTER, 0.5.0	JOHN O DRISCOLL, 0.2.6
A Friend "in sympathy for the three greatest men	MICHAEL KIELY, 0.5.0	MICHAEL DALY, 0.2.6
of Ireland," per Mr. BERNARD	PATRICK HEGARTY, 0.5.0	THOS. KAVENAGH, 0.2.6
SHEEHAN, £1.0.0	WALTER WHITE, T.C., 0.5.0	PATRICK COFFEY, 0.2.6
BRYAN HENNESSY, £1.0.0	THOMAS ALTON, 0.5.0	THOMAS RUSSELL, 0.2.0
BERNARD SHEEHAN, 0.10.0	J. MURPHY, T.C., 0.5.0	JERH. MURPHY, 0.2.0
WM. SMITH O BRIEN SHEEHAN, 0.10.0	THOMAS O REGAN, 0.5.0	DANIEL MANLY, 0.2.0
WM. HEGARTY, T.C., 0.10.0	GARRETT FITZGERALD, 0.5.0	PATRICK KENEFICK, 0.2.0
JAS. HEGARTY, T.C., 0.10.0	TIM. O CALLAGHAN, 0.5.0	T. DONOGHUE, 0.1.0
JOHN CARROLL, T.C., 0.10.0	E. SLATTERY, 0.10.0	M. MURPHY, 0.1.0
PATRICK CONNELLY, 0.10.0	JOHN ROURKE, 0.2.6	A FRIEND, 0.1.6
WM. REARDON, 0.10.0	CORNS. O SULLIVAN, 0.2.6	EDWARD BARRY, 0.5.0
JAMES MENIER, 0.10.0	RICHARD ANDREWS, 0.2.6	A FRIEND, 0.2.6
MICHAEL SULLIVAN, 0.10.0	JAMES C. HOLLAND, 0.2.6

these pages are best viewed on a wide-screen computer.