CORK FENIANS

Return of Names of those who marched in the procession in this city on the 1^st of December (1867) last.

Extract from 'THE LIFE OF WILLIAM O'BRIEN, '
By Michael Macdonagh,
Benn Books, London, 1928

WILLIAM O'BRIEN was born in Mallow, Co. Cork, a little town by the Blackwater, in a country of a soft and wistful scenic charm, and of historical and literary traditions, which combined could not fail to inspire an imaginative youth with an ardent love of Land and Letters. It is the scene of Edmund Spenser's “Faerie Queene.” Edmund Burke, whom O Brien described as “a genius great enough to inspire America with freedom and to wrestle with the French Revolution in all its might,” was reared there, and throughout his crowded life his thoughts turned with deep affection to the valley of the Blackwater. October 2nd, 1852 was the date of O'Brien's birth. His father was the managing clerk of an attorney in large practice as the confidential adviser of county families; and his mother, known in her maiden days as “handsome Kate Nagle” was the daughter of a thriving Mallow merchant. The Nagles were once a family of considerable social importance. Close to Mallow are the wooded and heath-clad Nagles' mountains, and beyond them, spreading for many a mile, is the beautiful and romantic Nagles' country. One of the most revered names in the Catholic Church of Ireland is that of Nano Nagle, Edmund Burke's cousin and playmate. She was the foundress of the Presentation Order of Nuns for teaching in Cork city, in the eighteenth century, when, by reason of the Penal Laws against Popery, the Catholic population were destitute of all means of education. The Catholic mother of Edmund Burke - Mary Nagle of Ballyduff, Co. Cork- was a kinswoman. O Brien's maternal grandfather a notable personage among "the Rakes of Mallow," those rollicking, reckless, dare-devil fellows celebrated in the annals of Irish manners and customs, well into the nineteenth century, and described in the popular song :—

Mallow is now more famous as the birthplace of three Irish men of letters whose writings have stimulated and adorned the Nationalist Movement and helped to give it a distinctive literary flavour. Thomas Davis, the inspirer of the Young Ireland Movement of the 'forties-- more advanced than O'Connell's Repeal of the Union -- was born there in 1814, and the year 1852, which saw the birth of William O'Brien, saw also the birth there of the third of the literary triumvirate, Canon Patrick A. Sheehan, who wrote not only those remarkable studies of clerical life in Ireland, "My New Curate" and "Luke Delmege," but also that moving Fenian story, "The Graves at Kilmorna." In a charming essay, "The Moonlight of Memory," Canon Sheehan writes: "The little town by the Blackwater has given men to the Woolsack and to the Bench, to medicine, to art, and to history. Yet no one asks where those men are buried or cares to see the places where they were born. But every schoolboy can point out where Thomas Davis first saw light, and the high house at Ballydaheen, where William O'Brien spent his early days." I may add that visitors to Mallow also ask to be shown the house in New Street—now O Brien Street—where Canon Sheehan himself was born and brought up.

There were four children in the O'Brien family — three Sons (William being the second) and a daughter. The home was intensely Nationalist as well as Catholic. The father had been a Young Irelander in '48. On the day the eldest son, James, was born in that year of revolution, the police called with a warrant to search the house for things treasonable, but refrained from carrying out their purpose because of Mrs O'Brien's condition, and the assurance given by the husband that he had no firearms. Mrs O Brien, as a girl, had helped to decorate the banqueting-room in which Daniel O Connell in 1843 —the culminating year of the Repeal agitation — made his "Mallow Defiance," which sounded to the country like a call to insurrection. "I have never felt such a loathing for speechifying as l do at present," said that great agitator and orator —the greatest perhaps the world has produced. "The time has come when we must be up and doing (loud cheers). We may soon have the alternative to live as slaves or die as freemen" (prolonged cheers and cries of "We'll die as freemen"). The occasion of revolutionary action came a few months later. There was to be a Repeal demonstration, representative of all Ireland, at Clontarf, on the northern shores of Dublin Bay. The selection of such a place for the meeting had a pointed significance. It was at the battle of Clontarf that the Danes were defeated and driven from Ireland in 1014. Who knew but the English, who followed the Danes as invaders, might share the same fate at Clontarf in 1843? It was estimated that if O Connell had declared for revolution at Clontarf a million men would rally to his standard. The population of Ireland at the time was 8, 500,000. But the meeting was never held. Peel, then Prime Minister, had it proclaimed. O Connell gave way and countermanded the proposed march of his hosts, from all parts of Ireland. Not only that, but he insisted upon the Young Ireland section of his followers, the poets and essayists of The Nation newspaper, who then began to develop revolutionary tendencies, pledging themselves to a resolution, declaring that "the greatest political revolution that ever was achieved is not worth a single drop of human blood," as a condition of remaining members of the Repeal Association. They refused. "Abhor the sword; stigmatise the sword," cried their young orator, Thomas Francis Meagher, in an impassioned speech. "No, no. For at its blow a giant nation sprang from the waters of the Atlantic; and by its redeeming magic the fettered Colony became a free Republic!" So the Young Irelanders seceded.

When William O Brien was born, Ireland was emerging from the gloom cast upon her by the terrible catastrophe of the famine of '47, due to two successive failures of the potato crop, the chief food of the people. Hundreds of thousands died of starvation and typhus. As many more fled to the United States. The population was reduced by two millions. The Young Irelanders, led by William Smith O Brien, brother of Lord Inchiquin and a direct descendant of Brian Born, the King of Ireland, who defeated the Danes at Clontarf, tried by force to drive out the British Government, to whom they ascribed the country's desolation, and, failing, were themselves banished by transportation. No element of the tragic was wanting in the situation. O'Connell, crushed by the calamities, died of a broken heart. It seemed as if it were the end of all things for Ireland. But it was not so. Ireland's recuperative powers which had brought her through centuries of political and social convulsions were still unexhausted. In 1852 the first stirrings of renewed political life had begun. In that very month of October when William O Brien was born two National conferences were held in Dublin on succeeding days —one organised by the “Friends of Religious Freedom” to start an agitation for disestablishment of the Anglican Church in Ireland; the other, convened by Land Reformers, to found the Tenant League for the settlement of the land question on the basis of fixity of tenure, fair rents, and free sale. The leading personages at both conferences were the same. Memories of some of them still survive -- Frederick Lucas, Englishman and a Protestant who had become a Catholic and a Nationalist, and founded The Tablet; Charles Gavan Duffy, editor of The Nation; George Henry Moore, a Mayo landlord; John Francis Maguire, founder and conductor of the Cork Examiner. Gladstone, as Prime Minister, was to effect by legislation years later the objects of both conferences. But before William O Brien was quite four years old these two movements had wholly collapsed, and Gavan Duffy had emigrated to Australia to begin a new career as a statesman, leaving behind him that most despairful saying: “There's no more hope for Ireland than for a corpse on the dissecting table.”

As to the condition of Ireland generally at the time of O'Brien's birth, it is described in a remarkable letter of an English Roman Catholic gentleman to The Times (London), and a still more remarkable editorial article on it in October 1852. The letter deals with the West of Ireland, which, it was said, had been swept of its population by the landlords, because, owing to the failure of the potato in the famine years, the tenants had ceased to be profitable rent-paying stock and had been replaced by cattle and sheep. “Where,” the writer asks, “were the people gone who had lately inhabited these districts? “ “I was told,” he writes, “by an agent who stoutly defended the clearance (upon the plea of necessity) that some of the people (possessed of a little means) were gone to America, that many were in the Union Workhouse, that some were in the lower parts of the great towns of England, Scotland, and Ireland, but that, in his opinion, the greater part of them were dead' “Uncle Tom's Cabin” had just been published, and its story of the sufferings of the negro slaves at the hands of the Louisiana planters was creating a most painful sensation throughout the United Kingdom. The writer of the letter to The Times thought that if “the woes and wrongs of the Irish peasants, their nobler traits and human nature, their family affections” were described with the same skill and vigour, the story would produce “a sympathy as deep and wide as that which has been deservedly lavished upon the American slaves.” The Times, in its leading article, agrees with the writer of the letter. “All this,” it says. “is very heart-rending, and those who have recently been crying like children over the sufferings of imaginary slaves must feel rather ashamed of the apathy with which they read those actual narrations of wrongs as terrible, but unfortunately, much nearer home.” But what was to be done? The Times asked, and it answered “We can do nothing.” “It is of no earthly use to go on abusing the Irish landlords,” it continues. “Their names stink already to the ends of the earth, and we might as well go on expatiating for ever on the vices of tigers and wolves as be saying every day what we think of a class which for selfishness and cruelty has no parallel, and never had a parallel, in the civilised world.” Many a derelict Irish district in that sad period of Irish history might truly be described as the graveyard of a once crowded and happy countryside.

Such was the Ireland into which William O Brien was born. It was not long before he got to know all about it from books and newspapers. He passed through the local national school to a school at Mallow, and thence to the Cloyne Diocesan College — the Protestant High School of the district — where he spent three years. He had a turn for languages and literature. At the age of eleven, before he went to the College, he could read the Latin classics. He won the first prize in the “senior” division of the College at the annual examination when he was fifteen. Prom his earliest years he was addicted to reading and — dreaming; not dreaming in the sense of indulging in idle fancies, but thinking, seriously thinking, for even as a boy he was troubled about many things.

He grew up in a beautiful country. Mrs William O Brien in her little book, “In Mallow” (1920), writes of the natural charms of the district in that tender and sympathetic vein that characterises the lover of Nature and humanity. “The woodland scenery around Mallow,” she says, “makes every season of the year into a new joy. There is the delight of the spring, when the pale green of the new leaves matches the green of the grass, and the gorgeous hawthorn bloom makes the birds sing a song of rejoicing. ” In summer “the wild roses and honeysuckle make of every country lane a delicious garden.” “Later on, when the autumn comes round with beautiful tinted foliage and glorious skies, one is almost inclined to agree with Canon Sheehan, that autumn is best — best in Nature as it is in human ilk.” There is a demesne, once the home of the Norreys (Sir J. D. Norreys, Bart., was M.P. for Mallow for thirty years), with romantic grounds, through which the Blackwater flows, and the ruins of an ancient castle built by the Desmonds as a defence of the ford, and a great shoulder of grey mottled rock pushing out over the river. “A more exquisite walk it would not be easy to find,” Mrs O'Brien writes. “One goes through beautiful meadows with fine old trees, along the river to the path over the rock. Through a delicious dream of greenery one reaches a small summer-house overhanging the rock and the view below.” She adds: “To my husband it recalls the days. when he was running among the rocks with his brothers, and disdained the safe path, which quite satisfies us now.”

Canon Sheehan in his essay, “The Moonlight of Memory,” descriptive of his boyhood's days in Mallow, refers to the new Nationalist Movement of the Fenians, revolutionary in its methods. He tells how he and his playmates, William O'Brien among them, “watched and envied” the groups of young men, members of the conspiracy, going up to drill in the dark recesses of Buckley's Wood “They had hoped,” he says of them, “to see the day when they would help to crown the dear old Motherland with the royal symbols of independence.” JAMES O'BRIEN, William's eldest brother, was their captain, although he was no more than eighteen years old. “How well I remember him,” says Canon Sheehan, “the strong, square face dimpled all over with curious lines when he smiled, the tall, sinewy. athletic figure; the broad shoulders, the erect figure and military gait of the boy.” On the other hand, William O'Brien is referred to as a lanky youth, retiring, slow of speech, and wholly uninterested in games.

O'Brien was given rather to study and solitary meditation. To obtain the seclusion necessary for indulgence in his favourite pastimes he used to climb to the topmost branches of the highest apple tree in the orchard at home, spring and summer, and sit for hours amid its blossom or its fruit. “Sometimes,” he says, “the hours passed in mere wandering thought, formless and indolent. It was enough to be rocked to and fro by the wind, to look down over the orchard — every tree of which to this hour has for me its own special name and flavour — to see my father, in straw hat and shirt sleeves, filling in his trench of celery or sowing his bed of turnips; my brothers, with half a dozen noisy companions, jumping 'Sheela,' our pony, over the fences; my mother presiding over the steaming teapot in the summer-house, while the robins hopped about to claim their dividend of the good things. It was all delicious, and it was sufficient occupation.”

Of his books, the one which young O'Brien pored over most was the official report of the State trial of O'Connell and his chief colleagues in 1844 for creating disaffection “by means of intimidation and the demonstration of great physical force,” or O Connell's remarkable series of “Monster Meetings.” The report, extending to close on 900 pages. gave thrilling extracts from O'Connell's speeches, and from the leading articles and poems of the Young Irelanders published in The Nation. “It was,” O’Brien remarks, “a liberal education in Irish Nationality.” Was this the spark that ignited in William O Brien that blaze of ideas and action for Ireland which flamed for more than half a century? It is true that the footsteps of great men have often been directed along the paths which led to their achievements and fame by reason of some haphazard chance or circumstance. In O’Brien’s ease, heredity and environment made him a Nationalist. And yet what is that but saying, in other words, that being Irish born and bred his boyish thoughts and dreamings naturally centred in Ireland rather than outside it. But these influences apart, we shall see that if ever a man’s career and purpose in life was “sought out, thought out, and wrought out,” it was O Brien's.

O'Brien had always aspired to be both a writer and a soldier, and at the early age of 13 he developed two singular hobbies, which afforded the first exemplification of his endeavour, which was characteristic of him all through life, to turn his aspirations into the reality of accomplished facts. He brought out a weekly newspaper for the promulgation of his political views and kept an army to uphold them. His piper, a news sheet of four pages was called The Voice of Ireland. He also had a manuscript book, entitled “The Poetical Works of William O'Brien.” With pasteboard, scissors, and paste, he produced an army of horse, foot, and artillery, and with variously coloured paints provided them with faces, uniforms, and equipments. There were hundreds of these mimic soldiers, divided into regiments and subdivided into companies. Every officer had his name, and every man of the rank and file had his company and number written on his back. The entire floor of a spare room at the top of the house was occupied by the army, divided into belligerents and grouped in battle order, and many a pitched battle was fought, Ireland against England, under young O'Brien's command and handling of both sides, in which the Irish were always victorious. He always saw that the Irish Green maintained its place above the English Red. What an interesting instance of the boy being father to the man! — of the direction which the impulses of youth were to give to the growth and development of the mind in the years that were to come! For O'Brien had marked soldierly qualities, as well as journalistic, though by force of circumstances their use was confined to the conduct of political campaigns. As the Chinese proverb says, “The journey of a thousand miles begins with one Step.” In time, army and newspaper were suppressed by the boy's father. It was the year 1866, the eve of the Fenian insurrection. O'Brien's elder brother, James, was, as we have seen, the local leader. And the father, with memories of '48 still fresh, naturally concluded that in the highly probable event of police raid on the house, the elaborate organisation of the pasteboard army and the clash of pikes and rifles in the newspaper's leading articles would be regarded as proof of the family's treasonable designs. The Fenian rising was no more than attacks on a few constabulary barracks and was easily quelled. But it set alight a flame that flickered on in the fierce hearts of the people, until towards the end of this history it burst forth into the insurrection of Sinn Fein.

The O'Brien's, soon afterwards, met with a reverse of fortune. The father lost his post of managing clerk through the death of the head of the firm and the family had to leave Mallow for Cork. They were not long in that city when the father died suddenly. William, then aged 15, was afforded the opportunity of contributing to the family's livelihood by a remarkably early display of his journalistic gifts of observation and description. In the winter of 1867 there had been a number of daring and successfully executed Fenian raids for arms on gunsmiths' shops in Cork, and even on a Government fort, the Martello Tower at Foaty. In February 1868, the leader of the raids was captured. He was an Irish-American named LOMASNEY—an ex-officer of the United States Army in the Civil War — and was known in Fenian circles as "CAPTAIN MACKAY." His first lieutenant in the raids was JAMES O'BRIEN, William's brother. LOMASNEY was convicted of treason-felony and sentenced to twelve years' penal servitude.

William O'Brien wrote an account of the trial for a Dublin news paper, The Irish Catholic Chronicle. LOMASNEY is described as “a poorly dressed, sallow mechanic-looking youth,” and it is said that “the whole contour of his face bespeaks an artless but determined bravery.” He made a most remarkable speech from the dock, a simple, unpremeditated effort, in which he gave expression to love of family — he had left a mother, sisters, and a wife in Ohio — to high and pure patriotism, and to deeply religious feeling in so moving a way that many of those present wept and the Judge, O'Hagan (afterwards Lord Chancellor of Ireland), sentencing him, said his sentiments were worthy of “a Christian patriot and a gentleman.” LOMASNEY'S career had a tragic ending. He spent ten years in penal servitude. Five years after his release he left his home in Ohio again, this time as an agent of the dynamite conspiracy, hatched in the United States, and in an attempt to explode a bomb under one of the arches of London Bridge early one morning in December 1884, was himself — with his brother — blown to atoms. A few fragments of their boat was the only evidence that survived to tell the tale and lead to their identification.

O'Brien report of the trial was so graphic that it obtained for him the post of reporter on the Cork Daily Herald, whose proprietor, Alderman Daniel A. Nagle, was a cousin. Thus was O Brien launched on what turned out to be the most famous newspaper career in Irish journalism, followed by a public career which for its vicissitudes, strange and dramatic, is scarcely paralleled even in romance. He at once entered Queen's College. Cork, as a student. He added Gaelic, French, Italian, and German to his Latin and Greek. Here he first became acquainted with Dante, which, in the original Italian, remained part of his intellectual being. He matriculated in Law, not that he ever contemplated following it as a profession — his first love, and last, was Letters — but, as he confessed, in order to. get access to the rich store of books in the library of the College, which otherwise would have been denied him, and also to add to the small income of his family by a raid on the College Scholarships. He won a Law Scholarship, a remarkable feat for a youth engaged during the day at the hard and engrossing tasks of a daily newspaper reporter. At this early age William O'Brien also tried his band at fiction. His first offspring in the book world was a novel entitled "Neath Silver Mask,”which appeared in 1871. “I remember nothing of the story,” he says, “except its title, which was, I think intended to mean that revenge might sometimes make a shining excuse for itself.” The novel ran first in a Dublin journal for ladies, called The Billet Doux, before it was brought out as a book by Donahoe, of Boston, USA, proprietor of The Pilot, the well-known Irish-American journal which was edited by the Fenian soldier and poet, John Boyle O'Reilly. In 1872, William O wrote another novel, “Kilsheelan, or the Old Place and the New People.” It appeared anonymously in an Irish weekly paper, and was republished in a Montreal magazine, The Harp, which paid it what its author calls “the superb, but quite unmerited compliment of attributing the authorship to the delightful Tipperary romancist, Charles Kickham.”

All the studies and all the writings of William O Brien at this early stage were unified and harmonised by a single dominating interest — service to Ireland. His mind received acquisitions from many and varied sources; and the original intellect thus — one might say — universally fed, was in its expression devoted wholly and solely to Ireland. It was the same with the political side of his nature. It was all for Ireland. It is a tribute to his qualities that before he was quite twenty he was invited to take in hand the revival of Fenianism in Munster which, discouraged by the failure of the insurrection of '67, and torn by internal dissensions, had fallen to a low ebb. For two years O'Brien acted as Secretary for the Province of Munster; and though he had not been required to take the Fenian oath of allegiance — such was the trust reposed in him — he was the medium of communication between the Supreme council of the revolutionary organisation and its circles in Munster. Not only did he send reports to the Supreme Council in Dublin, but he also took his share of the wild and daring adventures that were planned locally. One night he rowed down the river Lee and out to sea, accompanied by his brother and other Fenians, to intercept coasting vessels from England carrying cases of rifles for the organization, and convey the arms back to Cork, running the risk of being observed by the coastguards or police, which would have meant penal servitude. Then he came to see the almost ludicrous inadequacy of the means towards the end, and ceased to live the desperate life of the political conspirator. He never had any connection, directly or indirectly, with secret societies afterwards. But his experience inspired him with admiration and affection for the bulk of the young revolutionaries with whom he was thus brought into contact. Referring to the Parnellite movement with which, subsequently, he became prominently associated, he says: “It is indebted for the cream of its men and the best of its practical achievements to the courage, self-denial, and, if you will, the glorious madness of the Fenian spirit.”

O Brien played a part in the election of John Mitchel for Tipperary (when the old impenitent '48 exile came home in 1875), despite the resolution of the House of Commons, moved by Disraeli, as Prime Minister, declaring Mitchel to be “incapable of being elected or returned as a member” on the ground of his being a convicted felon, he having failed to work out his sentence by escaping from transportation in Van Diemen's Land. Mitchel was so ill (he died about a month after his election) that he asked William O Brien to write his address of thanks to the electors. “Yes, that will fill the bill,” he remarked with a smile when he read what O'Brien had written “They would have transported you for it in my day?' O'Brien was also brought, as a journalist, into contact with the darker side of agrarianism at a time when no constitutional movement existed. So frequently had he to visit the town of Tipperary, as the special correspondent of the Cork Herald to write about the murder or attempted murder of a landlord or agent, that the old waiter at Dobbyn's Hotel was wont, every time he saw him, to lift up his hand and exclaim: “Wisha, glory be to God, sir, who is it that's kilt now?”

(CE Wed., 30/6/1915) - [Extract] - New York, Tuesday. – Jeremiah I Donovan, better known as O Donovan Rossa, has died in St. Vincent's Hospital, Staten Island, New York, after an illness lasting many months. – Reuter.

The death of Jeremiah O Donovan Rossa will recall to the mind of every Irishman stirring times in the history of this country when a body of young Irishmen, amongst whom O Donovan Rossa occupied a foremost place, conceived the idea of freeing their country and brining about the amelioration of the masses of their countrymen, by means of armed force. Vied in the light of subsequent history and what has been accomplished by other methods than theirs, the physical force policy is not one that will appeal to the men of the present day. Practically all the reforms which O Donovan Rossa and the men who were associated with him attempted, have been brought about by the persistent endeavour on the part of the constitutional or Parliamentary party. And the passing into law of the Home Rule Act will bring to Ireland what the Irish people aspire for – liberty to manage their own affairs. It is granted that Fenianism was at one time a formidable movement, but viewed in the light of what is now well known, very few will be prepared to deny that even under more favourable auspices it could not have brought about what the extremists of the movement looked for – an Irish Republic. At the same time no one can deny for a moment that the men who led that movement were animated by feelings of the purest patriotism, quite free from any selfish motives. They risked muck, many of them risked all, and not a few of them lost all in their pursuit of an ideal. The strongest opponent of physical force methods will not deny them a word of praise. Most of them have passed to the great beyond, and those of them who remain are now old men. A new generation of Irishmen are now working out the destiny of their country by more pacific methods, and the success that has attended their efforts strengthens them in their belief that after all their policy is the better one.

Jeremiah O Donovan Rossa was born at Rosscarbery about the 8^th or 9^th September, 1831*. His father was a member of the Rossmore branch of the O Donovan sept, and his mother came from another old Carbery stock, the O Driscolls of Reenascreena. The elder O Donovan (for it was the subject of our notice that assumed the suffix Rossa) carried on a general shopkeeping business and a bleachery. When about three years of age Jeremiah was taken to live with his maternal grand-parents at Reenascreena, where he remained until he was seven. Here Irish was the language of the home, and he not only acquired it as the speech of every day, but also, young as he was. Imbibed a good deal of peasant folklore. On being brought back to his parents' house at Rosscarbery, the lad was sent to a local national school, conducted by a Mr. John Cushan. The National Board of Education was in infancy, and the schools were only very slightly different from the old schools conducted by 'hedge' masters. In those days, the schoolmasters did not spare the rod, and though young Jeremiah O Donovan was an apt pupil and learned rapidly, he was not spoiled for want of the rod. At the age of 12 he accompanied a large crowd from Rosscarbery, who attended a monster meeting held by Daniel O Connell at the Curragh, Skibbereen. Of this occasion he had what he always regarded as the great privilege of shaking hands with the Liberator. He left school in 1844, and for some time helped as a lad about the shop at Rosscarbery. The great famine commenced with the failure of the potato crop the following year, and O Donovan Rossa's 'Recollections' contain many striking incidents of that fateful period.. In 1846 the potato crop again failed, and in order to afford some relief to the peasantry, the Board of Works laid out new roads in the affected areas. The elder O Donovan was put in charge of a gang of men working on a new road through Rowry, but in the beginning of 1847, when distress was most intense, he died, and Jeremiah O Donovan Rossa was given his place. It was a terrible time for the small farmers and labourers of the country, and it is difficult to say which class suffered most. The famine fever swept away whole families in the shortest imaginable space of time. The people who died were buried (uncoffined) by undertakers by contract, and the briefest possible time was allowed to elapse between death and burial. O Donovan Rossa himself caught the fever through burying an old woman named Mrs. Hayes, better known to the villagers as Jillen Andy. One of his most touching poems describes the burial of the poor old creature**. His hardy constitution, which he ascribes in no small measure to the fact that he was a total abstainer, stood by him, and after ten days he was up again.

After the death of Rossa's father, misfortune dogged the family. Jeremiah was the only one who could earn anything, and there was little to be earned. The mother strove hard to keep the home together, but rent fell into arrear, and she got notice to quit. She was advised to give up peaceable possession, and the landlord's agent, who was some relation, promised to do something for her. Whatever she possessed in the world was sold by auction, and the family scattered. One brother went to Reenascreena, one to America, and Jeremiah went to live with an aunt, Mrs. Barry, at Smorane, near Skibbereen. Later on he went as an assistant to a shop kept by Mr. Mortimer Downing at Skibbereen. Shortly after his mother decided to emigrate to the States with other members of the family, and his description of the party at Maulyregan Cross is extremely pathetic. He did not see her again until 1863, fifteen years afterwards, in new York, and neither mother nor son recognised one another.

For five years Rossa worked and lived with Mr. Downing at Skibbereen. The business took him over the country a good deal. Mr. Downing had a branch at Bantry and supplied the Bantry Workhouse contract goods. It was here he met for the first time the late A. M. Sullivan, who, then a young man, occupied some official position in the Bantry Union. The two young men were fervid patriots, though in after years they differed very materially as to methods. In 1853 Rossa married a Miss Eager [This was his first wife, Nanno Eager by whom he had four surviving sons. She died in 1859.], of Skibbereen, and embarked on business for himself. He says his business prospered, and his life was as happy as anyone could desire. 'I felt a keen interest in the politics of the time, and was as ever a student of Irish history and genealogy.' He believed that the O Donovan's, the O Driscoll's, and the McCarthy's were the true owners of the soil of Carbery.

At the time there was in Skibbereen quite a number of young men imbued with the same patriotic ardour as O Donovan Rossa, and there were many friendly meetings and discussions. In the beginning of 1856 it was decided to establish a National and Literary Society in the town. Some were for calling it the Emmett Monument Association, while others thought the Phoenix National and Literary Society would sound more promising. The latter name was adopted, and though the founders of the Society were enthusiasts, few of them ever dreamed that out of it would spring a movement having far reaching influence. O Donovan Rossa as the prime mover in the Society, and knowing the south-western district from his business connections, he was in a short time able to bring in hundreds of the young men of that area. In a very short time the Phoenix Society became a purely revolutionary body, and there were whisperings of midnight drillings at Lough Ine and Coom Hill. In 1858 James Stephens, who was then engaged organising a revolutionary movement, visited Skibbereen and initiated Ross into the Irish Republican Brotherhood. Rossa threw himself into the movement. In the following December, the Government took action, proclaimed the Phoenix Society, and had O Donovan Rossa, and about twenty others belonging to Skibbereen and Bantry arrested on a charge of treason-felony, and they were lodged in Cork Prison. At the Tralee Assizes in March 1859, one of the party, who belonged to the County Kerry, was sentenced to ten years' penal servitude, and the other prisoners were put forward for trail at Cork Assizes a week later. Before the trial came on the Crown intimated to their attorney, the late McCarthy Downing, MP, of Skibbereen, that if the prisoners pleaded guilty they would be released on their own recognisances. They declined to do so unless their comrade who was sentenced at Tralee was also released. The Crown counsel would not agree to this, and for one reason or another the trial was postponed to the following Assizes. When the trial came on again Rossa and his companions, who were in custody for six months, pleaded guilty, and were released on their own recognisances, and O Sullivan, the Kerry man, was also released after three months. In the meantime, things had not been going well with O Donovan Rossa's business at Skibbereen, and his wife had to move to another house. This, to an extent, influenced his decision. Getting back to Skibbereen, he found that the Phoenix Society received a very severe check, but he set himself to the task of resuscitating it. The Irish revolutionary party in America has already established the Irish Republican Brotherhood, and as previously mentioned, Rossa, through Stephens, was in touch with that organisation. Stephens visited Bantry about 1860, and had consultations with Rossa and other men of the Phoenix Society, and ultimately the Republican, or as it became more popularly called the Fenian Brotherhood, was established. To trace the growth and development of the Brotherhood in Ireland would occupy much space, nor is it necessary to do so, but suffice to say that amongst its leaders Rossa was one of the most active. Whatever estimate may now be formed as to his fitness for some of the missions he undertook, one cannot but admire the whole-heartedness with which he threw himself into the work he undertook.

When the 'Irish People' office was raided by the authorities in 1865, its business manager, with many others, was arrested and confined in Richmond Prison on a charge of treason. Amongst those lodged with him were John O Leary, Charles Kickham, Charles O Connell, James O Connor, Thomas Clarke Luby. The principal information against them was supplied by Pierce Nagle who had been employed in the 'Irish People' office. After some two months' confinement they were brought up at a special commission at which the notorious Judge Keogh presided. The cases against Luby and O Leary were first taken up and both were sentenced to 20 years' penal servitude. Rossa was next indicted, and, from the first he adopted a defiant attitude and took his defence in his own hands. At the outset he complained that papers he had prepared for the counsel had been taken from him by the governor of the gaol, and demanded the return of the documents. The case was allowed stand over and the papers were subsequently returned. …..He was then sentenced to penal servitude for life. …..

His wife [Rossa' s third wife, Mary Jane Irwin of Clonakilty, whom he married in 1864. His second wife was Ellen Buckley, of Skibbereen, by whom he had a son. Ellen died in 1862] paid him a couple of visits during his period of imprisonment, and went to New York to support herself and her family. In 1870 she wrote to Mr. Gladstone praying for her husband's release from prison, and even went to London to obtain an interview, which was refused/ She, hoever, persisted in pleading for her spouse. Ultimately, in 1871, he was liberated on condition of residing out of the country.

Of Rossa's career after his liberation on ticket of leave, not much remains to be told. He settled in New York City, and took there with him all his old detestation for English rule in Ireland. The memory of what he had seen and experienced during the famine years was not dimmed by Milbank or Portland. In America he readily received anyone who came to him intent on the destruction of the English domination and English misrule here. The methods he advocated were not those that found favour with the majority of his countrymen. More than one society was established across the Atlantic having for its object the freedom of Ireland by any means that were feasible. There were many extremists amongst their members, and for a time Rossa seems to have very little faith in any but physical force methods. He preached revolution to every Irish gathering he could obtain access to in the States. The Constitutional movement was making strong progress in the old country, and with the advent of Charles Stewart Parnell in Irish politics, it obtained greater hold. After a short time the Irish Societies in the States began to see that Constitutional agitation was practical politics. Ross, while still entertaining a lingering fondness for the older methods, gradually got to see that the same end could be achieved by the newer man.

While in New York he had one thrilling experience. Political differences ran high in Ireland, and the Nationalist and Orange sections in New York were inclined to carry matters to extremes across the Atlantic, and the New York Orangemen and the notorious A.P.A. became aggressive towards the Irish. One day in the streets of New York, a woman fired a pistol at Rossa, and lodged a bullet in his body, which, however, did not prove dangerous.

When his period of exile had come to an end, Rossa visited the old country on a lecturing tour. And was on the whole well received. The Irish public wanted to see and hear the man who suffered so much for Ireland. He again returned to America and edited his paper, 'The United Irishman.' He was later appointed a Weights and Measures Inspector by the Mayor of New York. In 1905 he again visited the country for the purpose of unveiling a monument at Skibbereen, and re-visited Cork the following year for the purpose of taking up a position in the County Council Offices. Fro family reasons he decided, however, that New York was to be his place of residence, and he relinquished the County Council position, and returned to the States.

In private life Rossa was a man of lovable qualities which endeared him to many friends. He was thrice married and each union proved most happy.

The people of his native country sometime ago decided that when ever O Donovan Rossa departed to the great Beyond his remains should be brought over to rest in Irish soil, and it is understood that this determination will be carried out with as little delay as possible.

*In 'My Father And Mother Were Irish,' published in 1939, Rossa's daughter Margaret says that:- 'Jeremiah O Donovan-Rossa was born in Rosscarbery, County Cork, Ireland, on September 10, 1831, the son of Dennis O Donovan-Rossa of Carrig-a-grianaan and Nellie O Driscoll of the neighbouring townland of Renascreena. His mother had married at the age of fifteen, and the first seven years of O Donovan-Rossa's life were spent in the home of his grandfather, Cornelius O Driscoll.'

**JILLEN ANDY

‘Come to the graveyard if you’re not afraid,
I'm going to dig my mother's grave. She's dead,
And I want someone that will bring the spade
For Andy's out of home, and Charlie's sick in bed.'
Thade Andy was a simple spoken fool
With whom in early days I loved to stroll.
He'd often taken me on his back to school
And make the Master laugh himself, he was so droll.
In songs and ballads he took great delight,
And prophecies of Ireland being freed,
And, singing them by our fireside at night
I learned the songs from Thade before I learned to read.
And I still have by heard his 'Colleeen Fhune,'
His 'Croppy Boy,' his 'Phoenix of the Hall,'
And I could 'rise' his 'Rising of the Moon'
If I could sing in prison cell – or sing at all!
He'd walk the eeriest place a moonlight night,
He'd whistle in the dark, even in bed.
In fairy fort or graveyard Thade was quite
As fearless of a ghost as any ghost of Thade
Now in the dark churchyard we work away,
The shovel in his hand, in mine the spade,
And seeing Thade cry I cried myself that day,
For Thade was fond of me and I was fond of Thade.
But, after twenty years, why now will such
A bubbling spring up to my eyelids start?
Ah! There be things that ask not leave to touch
The fountain of the eyes or feelings of the heart.
‘This load of clay will break her bones, I fear,
For when above she wasn't over-strong.
We'll dig not deeper, I can watch her here
A month or so, sure none will do me wrong.'
Four men bear Jillen on a door – 'tis light,
They have not much of Jillen but her frame.
No mourners come, for 'tis believed the sight
Of death or sickness now begets the same.
And those brave hearts that volunteer to touch
Plague-stricken Death are tender as they're brave.
They raise poor Jillen from her tainted couch
And shade their swimming eyes while laying her in the grave.
I stand within that grave, nor wide nor deep,
The slender, wasted body at my feet.
What wonder is it if strong men will weep
O'er famine-stricken Jillen in her winding-sheet!
Her head I try to pillow on a stone,
But it will hang one side, as if the breath
Of famine gaunt into the corpse had blown
And blighted in the nerves the rigid strength of Death.
‘Hand me that stone, child.’ In his hands ‘tis places.
Down-channelling his cheeks are tears like rain,
The stone within his handkerchief is cased
And then I pillow on it Jillen's head again.
‘Untie the nightcap string,’ ‘Unloose that lace,’
‘Take out hat pun,’ ‘There now, she’s nicely –rise,
But lay the apron first across her face,
So that the earth won't touch her lips or eyes.
Don't grasp the shovel too tightly – there make a heap.
Stale down each shovelful quietly, let it creep
Over her poor body lightly; Friend, don't weep.
Tears would disturb old Jillen in her last long sleep.'
And Thade was faithful to his watch and ward,
Where'er he'd spend the day, at night he'd haste
With his few sods of turf, to that churchyard,
Where he himself was laid before the month was past.
Then Andy died a-soldiering in Bombay,
And Charlie died in Ross the other day.
Now, no one lives to blush because I say
That Jillen Andy went un-coffined to the clay.
E'en all are gone that buried Jillen, save
One banished man who dead alive remains,
The little boy that stood within the grave,
Stands for his Country's cause in England's prison chains.
How oft in dreams that burial scene appears,
Through death, eviction, prison, exile, home,
Through all the suns and moons of twenty years,
And oh! How short these years compared with years to come.
Some thing are strongly on the mind impressed
And other faintly imaged there, it seems;
And this is why, when reason sinks to rest.
Phases of life do show and shadow forth in dreams.
And this is why in dreams I see the face
Of Jillen Andy looking in my own,
The poet-hearted man, the pillow case,
The spotted handkerchief that softened the hard stone.
Welcome these memories of scenes of youth
That nursed my hate of tyranny and wrong,
That helmed my manhood in the path of truth,
And help me now to suffer and be strong.

Name	SC	Arrested/Appeared	Date(s)
Ahern, Daniel	SC	Midleton	( 20/3/1867) ( 25/3/1867) ( 1/4/1867) ( 11/4/1867)
Ahern, Daniel	SC
Ahern, J.		Passage	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867) ( /3/1867)
Ahern, Jeremiah	SC
Arundel, Garrett		Cork	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867)
Barry, _____		Killavullen	( 12/4/1867) ;
Barry, James		Cork	( 20/3/1867) ( 21/3/1867)
Barry, John		Cork	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867)
Barry, Richd.		Mallow	( 13/3/1867) ;
Bowes/Bowen, George		Cork	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867)
Bryan, Leonard		Passage	( 16/3/1867) ;
Buckley, Bartholomew	SC	Castlemartyr	( 22/3/1867) ;
Buckley, Michael		Killavullen	( 12/4/1867) ;
Buckley, Timothy		Millstreet	( 28/3/1867) ( 3/4/1867)
Burns, James		Cork	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867)
Burns, Luke		Cork	( 21/3/1867)
Burns, Michael		Cork	( 26/3/1867)
Butler, Edmund	SC	Midleton	( 1/4/1867) ( 11/4/1867)
Butler, James	SC
Butler, Richard	SC	Midleton	( 1/4/1867) ( 11/4/1867)
Cahill, James	SC	Cork	( 21/3/1867) ( 23/3/1867)
Cahill, James		Cork	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867) ( 26/3/1867)
Callaghan, John		Cork	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867)
Callaway, William		Passage	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867) ( 25/3/1867)
Canavan, Denis		Cork	( 20/3/1867) ( 26/3/1867)
Canning, Patrick		Cork	( 12/3/1867) ;
Canty, Charles/Thomas		Cork	( 4/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867) ( 4/5/1867)
Cashman, Maurice		Cork	( 11/3/1867) ( 12/3/1867)
Coghlan, Denis		Cork	( 22/3/1867) ( 23/3/1867)
Collins, John/William	SC
Collins, Patrick		Charleville	( 16/3/1867) ;
Collins, William		Cork	( 29/3/1867) ;
Condon, Patrick, - see also Odell	SC	Cork	( 13/3/1867)
Connell, James	SC	Millstreet	( 19/3/1867) ( 27/3/1867) ( 3/4/1867)
Connolly, William		Cork	( 12/3/1867) ;
Cooney, _____		Youghal	( 9/3/1867) ( 11/3/1867)
Cooney, _____		Youghal	( 9/3/1867) ( 11/3/1867)
Cotter, Maurice		Midleton	( 14/3/1867) ;
Co(u)ghlan, Edward	SC
Coughlan, Jeremiah		Cork	( 20/3/1867) ( 2/4/1867)
Co(u)ghlan, John	SC	Cork	( 7/3/1867) ( 11/3/1867) ( 13/3/1867)
Cramer, Denis		Cork	( 19/3/1867) ;
Creedon, Daniel	SC	Cork	( 23/3/1867) ;
Creedon, Denis		Cork	( 16/3/1867) ;
Cronin, Patrick		Millstreet	( 11/4/1867) ;
Crowley, Peter O Neill		Mitchelstown	( 2/4/1867) ( 3/4/1867) ( 27/4/1867)
Cullinane, Thomas Bowler	SC	Midleton	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867) ( 14/3/1867)
Cummins, David	SC	Midleton	( 14/3/1867) ;
Cummins, Patrick	SC	Youghal	( 20/3/1867) ;
Curran, Patrick		Millstreet	( 28/3/1867) ;
Curtin, _____		Killavullen	( 28/3/1867) ;
Curtin, _____		Cork	( 16/3/1867) ;
Curtin, Timothy	SC		SC
Cussen, Thomas		Cork	( 26/3/1867) ;
Daly, Michael		Midleton	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867)
Daly, Timothy		Midleton	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867) ( 9/3/1867)
Dawe, Frederick		Glanmire	( 20/3/1867) ;
Dawley, William	SC		SC
Delaney, Jeremiah		Cork	( 21/3/1867) ( 22/3/1867)
Denahy/Dennehy, Denis		Millstreet	( 19/3/1867) ( 27/3/1867) ( 3/4/1867)
Denehy, Bartholomew	SC	Queenstown	( 25/4/1867) ;
Dineen, John		Passage	( 8/3/1867) ( 25/3/1867)
Donovan, Denis		Cork	( 16/3/1867) ;
Downey, Simon	SC	Cork	( 13/3/1867) ;
Draddy, William		Midleton	( 14/3/1867) ( 20/3/1867)
Drinan, Patrick		Cork	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867)
Dunlea, Maurice/Morris		Cork	( 19/3/1867) ( 26/3/1867)
Dwyer/Dyer, John	SC	Cork	( 20/3/1867) ( 21/3/1867) ( 23/3/1867)
Egan, Charles	SC	Midleton	( 1/4/1867) ( 11/4/1867)
Ferrick/Ferwick, John	SC	Passage	( 25/3/1867) ;
Fitzgerald, John		Cork	( 11/3/1867) ;
Fitzgerald, Joseph	SC	Queenstown	( 2/4/1867) ;
Fitzgerald, Maurice		Millstreet	( 19/3/1867) ( 27/3/1867)
Fitzpatrick, Barry	SC	Cork	( 16/3/1867) ( 23/3/1867)
Fitzpatrick, Mathew		Millstreet	( 28/3/1867) ( 11/4/1867)
Foley, Michael		Cork	( 14/3/1867) ;
Galvin/Gallivan, Maurice/Matthew	SC	Cork	( 18/3/1867) ( 23/3/1867)
Galvin/Gallivan, Richard	SC	Cork	( 18/3/1867) ( 23/3/1867)
Geany/Greany, Patrick		Cork	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867)
Geary, Eugene	SC	Queenstown	( 25/4/1867) ;
Geary, J..J.		Cork	( 1/4/1867) ;
Good, John		Midleton	( 20/3/1867) ;
Gorman, Patrick		Charleville	( 16/3/1867) ;
Griffin, James		Cork	( 18/3/1867) ;
Griffin, John		Cork	( 11/3/1867) ( 12/3/1867)
Hallaran/Halloran, Patrick		Passage	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867) ( 25/3/1867)
Haly, James	SC
Harding, Denis		Millstreet	( 28/3/1867) ( 3/4/1867)
Heffernan, _____		Cork	( 25/3/1867) ;
Heffernan, James	SC	Cork	( 19/3/1867) ( 21/3/1867) ( 23/3/1867)
Hegarty, J.		Passage	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867) ( 25/3/1867)
Hennessy, _____			( 25/3/1867) ;
Hennessy, Thomas B.		Cork	( 20/3/1867) ;
Herlihy, Daniel		Kinsale	( 12/3/1867) ;
Herlihy, John D.		Cork	( 26/3/1867) ;
Holmes, Francis	SC	Cork	( 18/3/1867) ( 23/3/1867)
Huddy, Thomas		Midleton	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867)
Jennings, Michael		Cork	( 26/3/1867) ;
Joyce, David/Daniel	SC	Midleton	( 20/3/1867) ( 25/3/1867)
Kearney, James	SC
Kearns, John Francis	SC	Cork	( 16/3/1867) ( 23/3/1867)
Keating, Denis		Cork	( 4/5/1867) ;
Keating, Richard		Cork	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867)
Keefe, Michael		Cork	( 12/3/1867) ;
Keeffe, Thomas		Cork	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867)
Kelleher, Patrick	SC	Midleton	( 1/4/1867) ( 11/4/1867)
Kelly, Edward	SC	Mitchelstown	( 2/4/1867) ( 3/4/1867)
Keneiry, James	SC
Kenneally, Stephen		Cork	( 12/3/1867) ;
Kent, _____		Mitchelstown	( 18/3/1867) ;
Kent, David	SC
King, John	SC	Passage	( 25/3/1867) ;
Lane, Wm.		Cork	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867)
Laughton, _____		Midleton	( 7/3/1867) ;
Leary, _____		Cork	( 26/3/1867) ;
Leary, Michael		Togher	( 25/3/1867) ;
Leary, Michael		Millstreet	( 28/3/1867) ( 3/4/1867) ( 11/4/1867)
Lee, James	SC
Lee, John;		Midleton	( 11/4/1867) ;
Lenehan, Michael		Killavullen	( 12/4/1867) ;
Lombard, Eugene	SC	Cork	( 13/3/1867) ;
Lucey, Daniel		Millstreet	( 3/4/1867) ;
Lucey, James			( 19/3/1867) ( 27/3/1867) ( 3/4/1867)
Lyons, Patrick		Cork	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867)
Madden, Daniel	SC	Passage	( 25/3/1867) ;
Mahony, Daniel		Cork	( 26/3/1867) ;
Mahony, Frederick		Midleton	( 15/4/1867) ;
Mahony, James		Millstreet	( 19/3/1867) ( 27/3/1867) ( 3/4/1867)
Mahony, John		Midleton	( 15/4/1867) ;
Mahony, Michael	SC	Midleton	( 11/4/1867) ;
Mahony, Patrick		Ballinamought	( 25/3/1867) ( 26/3/1867)( 28/3/1867)
Mahony, Philip	SC	Passage	( 25/3/1867) ;
Mahony, William		Ballinamought	( 25/3/1867) ( 26/3/1867)( 28/3/1867)
Manning, Daniel		Millstreet	( 28/3/1867) ( 3/4/1867)
Mawe, Garrett		Charleville	( 16/3/1867) ;
McAuliffe, Timothy		Cork	( 15/3/1867) ;
McCarthy, _____		Cork	( 4/3/1867) ;
McCarthy, Daniel	SC	Cork	( 25/3/1867) ;
McCarthy, Denis		Cork	( 14/3/1867) ;
McCarthy, Mark	SC
McCarthy, Michael		Cork	( 23/3/1867) ;
McCarthy, Thomas		Cork	( 9/3/1867) ;
McClure, John, Capt.	SC		( 8/3/1867) ( 14/3/1867) ( 2/4/1867)
McSweeny, Morgan	SC	Cork	( 13/3/1867) ;
Meany, Jeremiah	SC	Queenstown	( 25/4/1867) ;
Mescal/Meskill, Jeremiah		Kinsale	( 12/3/1867) ( 19/3/1867)
Mooney, John		Cork	( 19/3/1867) ( 26/3/1867)
Mooney, Richard		Cork	( 19/3/1867) ( 26/3/1867)
Morgan, Michael		Carrigtwohill	( 20/3/1867) ;
Moriarty, Bartholomew	SC
Moriarty, John		Millstreet	( 2/4/1867) ( 3/4/1867)
Motherway, _____		Midleton	( 29/3/1867) ;
Moynihan, Patrick		Millstreet	( 19/3/1867) ( 27/3/1867)
Murphy, _____		Cork	( 4/3/1867) ;
Murphy, John		Cork	( 7/3/1867) ;
Murphy, John		Midleton	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867)
Murphy, Maurice/Morris	SC	Midleton	( 1/4/1867)
Murphy, Patrick		Cork	( 4/5/1867) ;
Murphy, Patrick		Kinsale	( 12/3/1867) ( 19/3/1867)
Murphy, Thomas		Carrignavar	( 20/3/1867) ;
Nolan, Cornelius		Cork	( 15/3/1867) ( 16/3/1867)
Noonan/Nunan, Mathew		Millstreet	( 19/3/1867) ( 27/3/1867)
O Brien, Edmund	SC
O Brien, James	SC	Cork	( 21/3/1867) ( 27/3/1867) ( 1/4/1867)
O Brien, James Francis Xavier	SC	Cork	( 28/3/1867) ( 3/4/1867)
O Brien, John		Midleton	( 20/3/1867) ( 25/3/1867)
O Brien, John		Killeagh	( 12/4/1867) ;
O Brien, John	SC
O Brien, William		Killavullen	( 12/4/1867) ;
O Brien, Wm.		Mallow	( 13/3/1867) ;
O Connell, John		Midleton	( 1/4/1867) ( 11/4/1867)
O Connor, Captain		Midleton	( 15/4/1867) ;
O Connor, James		Cork	( 18/3/1867) ( 25/3/1867)
O Donovan, Denis		Whitegate	( 25/3/1867) ;
O Hea, _____		Clonakilty	( 25/3/1867) ;
O Keeffe, John	SC	Midleton	( 1/4/1867) ( 11/4/1867)
O Keeffe, Patrick/Peter	SC	Midleton	( 1/4/1867) ( 11/4/1867)
O Loughlen/Loughlin, Edward	SC	Midleton	( 11/3/1867) ( 25/3/1867)
O Mahony, _____		Midleton	( 11/3/1867) ;
O Mahony, Dominic	SC	Cork	( 18/3/1867) ;
O Mahony, John		Midleton	( 25/3/1867) ( 1/4/1867)
O Neill, Philip		Midleton	( 1/4/1867) ( 11/4/1867)
O Sullivan, Michael R.		Cork	( 4/3/1867) ;
Odell, George, see also Condon		Cork	( 5/3/1867) ( 13/3/1867)
Pomfret/Pumphrey, James/John		Midleton	( 18/3/1867) ( 20/3/1867) ( 25/3/1867)
Potter/Patten, John		Passage	( 7/3/1867) ( 25/3/1867)( 3/4/1867)
Prendergast, John	SC
Rearden, Daniel	SC	Cork	( 16/3/1867) ( 23/3/1867)
Rearden, James		Cork	( 20/3/1867) ;
Rearden, John			(21/3/1867)
Reardon, John	SC
Regan, Mathew		Cork	( 12/3/1867) ;
Ring, Timothy		Millstreet	( 28/3/1867) ( 3/4/1867)
Ringrone, John		Cork	( 11/3/1867) ( 12/3/1867)
Riordan, John		Millstreet	( 28/3/1867) ( 3/4/1867)
Riordan, Michael		Cork	( 26/4/1867) ( 27/4/1867)
Riordan, William		Millstreet	( 28/3/1867) ( 3/4/1867)
Roche, _____		Midleton	( 29/3/1867)
Rochford, Horace		Cork	( 26/3/1867)
Rochford, John/Joseph		Cork	( 18/3/1867)
Santry, Daniel		Cork	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867)
Savage, David	SC
Savage, John		Midleton	( 25/3/1867)
Sevears, James		Killavullen	( 12/4/1867)
Sevears, John		Killavullen	( 12/4/1867)
Shea, Cornelius		Cork	( 20/3/1867) ( 26/3/1867)
Sheehan, Jeremiah		Millstreet	( 11/4/1867)
Sheehan, Maurice		Kanturk	( 28/3/1867)
Sheehan, Maurice		Millstreet	( 11/4/1867)
Sheehan, Timothy		Kanturk	( 28/3/1867)
Singleton, _____		Midleton	( 8/3/1867)
Smith, Bernard		Midleton	( 18/3/1867)
Smith, Edward		Youghal	( 15/3/1867)
Sullivan, Henry		Cork	( 26/3/1867) ;
Sullivan, John		Cork	( 7/3/1867) ( 8/3/1867)
Sullivan, Michael		Passage	( 16/3/1867)
Sullivan, Patrick		Passage	( 16/3/1867)
Swan, John		Cork	( 16/3/1867)
Thompson, Michael J.	SC	Cork	( 16/3/1867) ( 23/3/1867)
Totan/Totum, John	SC	Queenstown	( 25/4/1867)
Turner, _____		Mitchelstown	( 18/3/1867)
Twomey, Sylvester		Passage	( 7/3/1867) ( 25/3/1867) ( 3/4/1867)
Twomey, William		Midleton	( 11/4/1867)
Walsh, James		Charleville	( 16/3/1867)
Walsh, James Mansfield		Midleton	( 20/3/1867) ( 25/3/1867)
Walsh, John	SC
Walsh, Richard	SC
Walsh, Thomas		Midleton	( 20/3/1867) ( 25/3/1867)
Walsh, William		Killeagh	( 12/4/1867)

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